Male hormone stimulation is prerequisite and an incitant in common baldness

Hamilton, James B.

doi:10.1002/aja.1000710306

Cited by 439 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Interestingly, a horse-shoe shaped area of occipital scalp region is consistently spared in male pattern baldness, suggesting a different end-organ response in these hair follicles to the factor(s) causing baldness in other scalp hair follicles. Although human hair growth is affected by thyroid ( Jackson et al 1972) and glucocorticoid (Stenn et al 1993) hormones, pregnancy (Lynfield 1960), and season (Randall & Ebling 1991), androgens are the most obvious regulators of normal human hair growth (reviewed by Randall 1994) and are a prerequisite for male pattern baldness (Hamilton 1942). Paradoxically, androgens stimulate growth in many body areas such as beard and axilla.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 39%

Balding hair follicle dermal papilla cells contain higher levels of androgen receptors than those from non-balding scalp

Hibberts

Howell²,

Randall³

1998

Journal of Endocrinology

230

154

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Androgens can gradually transform large scalp hair follicles to smaller vellus ones, causing balding. The mechanisms involved are unclear, although androgens are believed to act on the epithelial hair follicle via the mesenchymederived dermal papilla. This study investigates whether the levels and type of androgen receptors in primary lines of cultured dermal papilla cells derived from balding scalp hair follicles differ from those of follicles from non-balding scalp.Androgen receptor content was measured by saturation analysis using the non-metabolisable androgen, [3 H]mibolerone (0·05-10 nM) in a 9-10 point assay. Pubic dermal fibroblasts and Shionogi cells were examined as positive controls. Repetitive assays of Shionogi cells showed good precision in the levels of androgen receptor content (coefficient of variation=3·7%). Specific, high affinity, low capacity androgen receptors were detected in dermal papilla cells from both balding and non-balding follicles. Balding cells contained significantly (P<0·01) greater levels of androgen receptors (B max =0·06 0·01 fmol/10 4 cells (mean ...)) than those from non-balding scalp (0·04 0·001). Competition studies with a range of steroids showed no differences in receptor binding specificity in the two cell types.The higher levels of androgen receptors in cells from balding scalp hair follicles with similar properties to those from non-balding scalp concur with the expectations from their in vivo responses to androgens. This supports the hypothesis that androgens act via the dermal papilla and suggests that cultured dermal papilla cells may offer a model system for studying androgen action in androgenetic alopecia.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 39%

Balding hair follicle dermal papilla cells contain higher levels of androgen receptors than those from non-balding scalp

Hibberts

Howell²,

Randall³

1998

Journal of Endocrinology

230

154

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“…They are responsible for the gradual replacement of vellus hairs by longer, thicker and more pigmented hairs during puberty in the axilla and pubic areas of both sexes and the beard and suprapubic regions in men (Hamilton, 1958;Marshall & Tanner, 1969;1970). They have the opposite effect on the scalp causing regression of terminal hair follicles to vellus ones with increasing age, resulting in androgenetic alopecia or male pattern baldness in genetically disposed individuals (Hamilton, 1942; (Fig. 1).…”

supporting

confidence: 43%

Androgens and human hair growth

Randall

1994

Clinical Endocrinology

158

112

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“…4). The condition is not a serious one from a medical perspective; however, the loss of hair is often an unwanted and stressful event for the patient (Refs 5, 6), and therefore might have considerable psychosocial consequences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 44%

Androgenetic alopecia: pathogenesis and potential for therapy

Ellis

Sinclair

Harrap

2002

Expert Rev. Mol. Med.

219

170

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Androgenetic alopecia occurs in men and women, and is characterised by the loss of hair from the scalp in a defined pattern. Determining factors appear to be genetic predisposition coupled with the presence of sufficient circulating androgens. The prevalence of this condition is high (up to 50% of white males are affected by 50 years of age) and, although there are no serious direct health consequences, the loss of scalp hair can be distressing. Knowledge of the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia has increased markedly in recent years. Pre-programmed follicles on the scalp undergo a transformation from long growth (anagen) and short rest (telogen) cycles, to long rest and short growth cycles. This process is coupled with progressive miniaturisation of the follicle. These changes are androgen dependent, and require the inheritance of several genes. To date, only one of these genes, which encodes the androgen receptor (AR ), has been identified. Of the many treatments available for androgenetic alopecia, only two (finasteride and minoxidil) have been scientifically shown to be useful in the treatment of hair loss. However, these therapies are variable in their effectiveness. Discovery of the involvement of the AR gene, and the identification of other genes contributing to the condition, might lead to the development of new and more effective therapies that target the condition at a more fundamental level.https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi

show abstract

Male hormone stimulation is prerequisite and an incitant in common baldness

Cited by 439 publications

References 39 publications

Balding hair follicle dermal papilla cells contain higher levels of androgen receptors than those from non-balding scalp

Balding hair follicle dermal papilla cells contain higher levels of androgen receptors than those from non-balding scalp

Androgens and human hair growth

Androgenetic alopecia: pathogenesis and potential for therapy

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