„Male depression“ in einer Bevölkerungsstichprobe junger Männer

Abstract

The concept of male depression basically assumes that the well-known depressive symptoms in males are compensated for or masked by external behavioral patterns, which are atypical for depression and therefore not included in conventional depression inventories. In a community sample of young males (n=1,004) the general well-being and risk of male depression were investigated using the WHO-5 Well-Being Scale and the Gotland Scale for Male Depression. The main questions focused on the analysis of symptoms dependent on the risk of male depression. Hypotheses were related to depressive symptoms being masked by distress symptoms, to the dimensionality of the Gotland Scale, to different symptom clusters and to the contribution of isolated symptoms to the risk of depression. The results demonstrated a reduced well-being and a risk of male depression in 22% of the respondents. The data gave no evidence to support the hypothesis that depressive symptoms are masked by distress symptoms or for latent depression and stress components. However, a "depression cluster" and a "distress cluster" could be differentiated by cluster analyses giving indications of the clinical relevance of the male distress symptoms for the development of depression. The more severe these are, the higher is the risk of male depression. Finally, the results are discussed in the face of the limitations of the study, the previous evidence and open questions.

Polish adaptation of the Gotland Scale of Male Depression (GDMS) by Wolfgang Rutz

“…The Cronbach's α (0.85-0.88) coefficient obtained indicate a fully satisfactory reliability of the Polish version of the tool. Similar coefficients were obtained in the Italian (α = 0.87), Chinese (α = 0.93) and German (α = 0.81) studies and in the validation study carried out with the participation of people with alcohol dependence (α = 0.86) [9,10,12,13].…”

“…At the same time, 14% obtained the result indicating possible depression, which is in line with the present study -13% of such men. A different result was obtained in Germany during a study on a large group of young men (mean age 18.5 years, n = 1004), where 22% obtained results over 13 points of the GDMS [9]. This difference may be due to the increased impulsivity and tendency to risky behaviour and mood swings among young men, as compared with the elderly ones.…”

“…Metoda, pomyślana początkowo jako narzędzie przesiewowe przeznaczone dla lekarzy pierwszego kontaktu, zdobyła sobie dużą popularność, zastosowano ją w licznych badaniach naukowych oraz dokonano adaptacji w kilku krajach, np. we Włoszech, Chinach i na Islandii [9][10][11][12][13]. Z powyższych przyczyn zdecydowano się na przeprowadzenie polskiej walidacji narzędzia, co było celem prezentowanego badania.…”

“…The method was initially conceived as a screening tool designed for primary care physicians. It gained great popularity; it is used in numerous scientific studies and has been adapted in several countries, such as Italy, China and Iceland [9][10][11][12][13]. For these reasons, it was decided to carry out the Polish validation of the tool, which was the aim of the present study.…”

Kommunikation und Versorgung in der Medizin

“…Diese externalen Symptome können besonders zu Beginn häufig die "klassisch" internalen Symptome wie Selbstwertverlust, Antriebslosigkeit oder Verlust an Freude überdecken [40]. Vom Fachpersonal werden solche Verhaltensweisen dann häufig nicht als mögliche Depressionssymptome erkannt, sondern als "typisch männliche" Abwehrstrategien" eingeordnet [29].…”