Male courtship behaviors and female choice reduced during experimental starvation stress

Billings, Alexis C.; Schultz, Katherine E; Hernandez, Eddy A; Jones, W Elizabeth; Price, Daniel O.

doi:10.1093/beheco/ary144

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Insufficient food also limits insect reproduction ( Zhang H. H. et al, 2015 ; Ojima et al, 2018 ). The most typical survival mechanism is to reduce reproductive investment under starvation conditions to increase somatic cell maintenance ( Elkin and Reid, 2005 ; García-Roger et al, 2006 ; Billings et al, 2018 ). Studies of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae) indicated that hunger was not conducive to ovary development and led to a significant reduction in the number of matings and egg production and a prolonged spawning period ( Huang, 2015 ).…”

Section: Regulation Of Insect Behavior Under Starvationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Behavior and Physiological Adaptation Mechanisms Under Starvation Stress

et al. 2019

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Intermittent food shortages are commonly encountered in the wild. During winter or starvation stress, mammals often choose to hibernate while insects—in the form of eggs, mature larvae, pupae, or adults opt to enter diapause. In response to food shortages, insects may try to find sufficient food to maintain normal growth and metabolism through distribution of populations or even migration. In the face of hunger or starvation, insect responses can include changes in behavior and/or maintenance of a low metabolic rate through physiological adaptations or regulation. For instance, in order to maintain homeostasis of the blood sugar, trehalose under starvation stress, other sugars can be transformed to sustain basic energy metabolism. Furthermore, as the severity of starvation increases, lipids (especially triglycerides) are broken down to improve hunger resistance. Starvation stress simultaneously initiates a series of neural signals and hormone regulation processes in insects. These processes involve neurons or neuropeptides, immunity-related genes, levels of autophagy, heat shock proteins and juvenile hormone levels which maintain lower levels of physiological metabolic activity. This work focuses on hunger stress in insects and reviews its effects on behavior, energy reserve utilization, and physiological regulation. In summary, we highlight the diversity in adaptive strategies of insects to hunger stress and provides potential ideas to improve hunger resistance and cold storage development of natural enemy insects. This gist of literature on insects also broadens our understanding of the factors that dictate phenotypic plasticity in adjusting development and life histories around nutritionally optimal environmental conditions.

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Section: Regulation Of Insect Behavior Under Starvationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Behavior and Physiological Adaptation Mechanisms Under Starvation Stress

et al. 2019

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“…If the estimated daily salmon requirement for SRKWs (~1,204 to 1,445 fish; Ford, Wright, et al, 2010) is not being met, it seems likely that fewer SABs in times of low prey abundance reflects decreased energy reserves and/or may represent a trade‐off between foraging behavior and nutritional stress as examined in other studies [e.g., green sea turtles ( Chelonia mydas ), Heithaus et al., 2007; polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ), Reimer et al. (2019); and, the fruit fly ( Drosophila melanogaster ), Billings et al., 2019). Nevertheless, the true significance of the “fewer salmon‐fewer SABs” relationship in the SRKWs remains to be seen, creating an impetus for further behavioral research in this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Surface behaviors correlate with prey abundance and vessels in an endangered killer whale (Orcinus orca) population

2020

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Southern Resident killer whales (SRKWs) (Orcinus orca) are an endangered population in the United States and Canada, partly due to declines of their primary prey species, Chinook salmon. Prey availability influences various aspects of SRKW behavior, including distribution patterns and social structure. Yet, it is unclear to what extent a limited prey source influences the frequency of surface‐active behaviors (SABs), behaviors with important ecological implications. Here, we used long‐term datasets (1996–2019) to examine the relationships between the abundance of Chinook salmon, vessel presence, and the frequency with which SRKWs perform SABs. Salmon abundance was a significant predictor of SAB frequency, with fewer SABs performed in times of lower salmon abundance. SRKWs displayed more SABs when more whale watching vessels were present, and the whales spent a greater amount of time in the study area, performing more milling as opposed to traveling behavior, when vessel numbers were higher. Lastly, we found pod‐specific differences, such that K pod displayed significantly fewer SABs than either J or L pods. The observed relationships between SRKW behavior and both salmon abundance and vessel presence have implications for social network cohesion and foraging success. Our study adds to a growing body of literature highlighting factors affecting SRKW behavior as they experience increased threats from decreased prey availability, habitat loss, and anthropogenic disturbance, with implications for trans‐boundary management and conservation efforts.

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“…Due to seasonal and climate change, food distribution is inconsistent throughout a year, and most insects will be subject to hunger stress during some stage of their lives ( Rotkopf et al, 2013 ). Hunger stress has adverse effects including decreased metabolism ( Hietakangas and Cohen, 2009 ) and reproductive ability ( Billings et al, 2018 ), and may even result in death ( Yang et al, 2016 ). Therefore, insects can enter an anti-stress state to adapt to those adverse conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus cereus (EG-Q3) in the Gut of Ectropis grisescens Contributes to Host Response to Starvation Conditions

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The gut bacteria of insects play an important role in their nutrition, maintenance, and ecological adaption. Ectropis grisescens is the most important leaf-feeding pest in tea gardens in China. In order to explore whether E. grisescens adaptation under starvation stress is related to its gut bacteria, we used a culture-independent method to compare the composition and diversity of their gut bacteria under starvation treatment. The results revealed no significant changes in core gut bacteria composition and diversity within 24 h of starvation. However, non-core gut bacterial Bacillus increased significantly under starvation conditions. B. cereus strain EG-Q3 isolated from the gut of E. grisescens in carbon source-selected medium showed the ability to degrade fat bodies from E. grisescens in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the fat-lowering ratio of E. grisescens fed with B. cereus strain EG-Q3 (6.76 ± 1.281%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (3.96 ± 0.801%, t = 4.15, df = 8, p < 0.01) after starvation for 4 h. These findings suggest that non-core gut bacterial B. cereus strain EG-Q3 contributes to host adaptation to starvation. Together, this research provides evidence that E. grisescens may benefit from non-core gut bacteria under starvation conditions.

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Male courtship behaviors and female choice reduced during experimental starvation stress

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Insect Behavior and Physiological Adaptation Mechanisms Under Starvation Stress

Insect Behavior and Physiological Adaptation Mechanisms Under Starvation Stress

Surface behaviors correlate with prey abundance and vessels in an endangered killer whale (Orcinus orca) population

Bacillus cereus (EG-Q3) in the Gut of Ectropis grisescens Contributes to Host Response to Starvation Conditions

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