Male Circumcision for the Prevention of Acquisition and Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Male Circumcision: An Appraisal of Current Instrumentation

“…The ultimate aim should be to make infant MC a global norm, the health rewards being too great to overlook (Morris, 2007;World Health Organisation, 2007a,b;Tobian et al, 2009;Cooper et al, 2010). MC has no long-term adverse consequences (Morris, 2007;Smith et al, 2010;Tobian et al, 2010). Good quality research studies that include thermal imaging show similar sensation during arousal for the circumcised and uncircumcised penis (Payne et al, 2007).…”

“…As well as the issue of safety, convenience, simplicity and consequent cost reductions, circumcision in infancy provides greater net benefits over the lifetime of the individual. It provides immediate 10-fold protection against urinary tract infections and thus kidney damage in baby boys, and greater protection against penile cancer than circumcision later in life, virtually eliminating the risk of this disease with its high morbidity and mortality (Morris, 2007;Morris, 2010;Tobian et al, 2010;. Another benefit is prevention of phimosis, a common cause of sexual problems in adolescent boys and men, and a major risk factor for penile cancer.…”

“…As far as protection against STIs is concerned, the most notable is human papillomavirus (HPV), the pathogen not only responsible for most cervical cancers in women, but also a proportion of penile cancers in men . MC also reduces the incidence of ulcerative STIs, including syphilis, chancroid, Trichomonas vaginalis, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) Morris & Castellsague, 2010;Tobian et al, 2010). Circumcised men have lower genital ulcer disease as a result of this and the reduction in penile injury arising from tearing of the foreskin and frenulum during sexual activity (Bailey & Mehta, 2009).…”

“…Circumcised men have lower genital ulcer disease as a result of this and the reduction in penile injury arising from tearing of the foreskin and frenulum during sexual activity (Bailey & Mehta, 2009). MC reduces sexual problems with age and diabetes (Morris, 2007;Morris, 2010;Tobian et al, 2010;, and has no adverse effect on sexual function, sensation or acceptability (Morris, 2007;Tobian et al, 2010), if anything the reverse . MC provides a public health benefit to women by lowering their risk of various STIs, including high-risk HPV types that cause cervical cancer, HSV-2,…”

Prepuce health and childhood circumcision: Choices in Canada

“…These conditions include phimosis, paraphimosis, balanitis and balanoposthitis, preputial ballooning, and preputial adhesions. Other conditions that may affect or be associated with resident prepuce include dyspareunia, preputial abrasions during intercourse, urinary tract infections, 14 increased risk of sexually transmitted disease, [15][16][17] HPV, AIDS/HIV, [18][19][20] penile cancer, 21 and balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO). 22,23 While some authors advance these conditions to justify a position in favour of routine neonatal circumcision, the balance of evidence in a Canadian context led the Canadian Pediatric Society to maintain the position that circumcision of the newborn should not be routinely performed.…”