Malay Science: A Study on the 17th Century Dictionary

Mohamad, Nazilah; Ismail, Nor Hasimah

doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v7-i6/3066

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Hashim Hj. Musa (2003), Mashudi Kader (2009), Anna Winterbottom (2016), Nazilah Mohamad and Nor Hashimah Ismail (2017), and Nor Azizah Othman (2010Othman ( & 2019. Thus, I believe that there is certain room for improvement concerning efforts to examine and make Bowrey's dictionary the main data of the study.…”

Section: Problem Statement and Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies that examine Bowrey's dictionary include those conducted by Rahim Aman (1997), Hashim Hj. Musa (2003, Mashudi Kader (2009), Anna Winterbottom (2016), Nazilah Mohamad and Nor Hashimah Ismail (2017), and Nor Azizah Othman (2010Othman ( & 2019.…”

Section: Research On Thomas Bowrey's Dictionarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mashudi concludes that Bowrey fairly accurately recorded the nature of the oral Malay of the 17th century especially regarding the use of the prefix ber-as a marker of an active transitive verb, an active verb, and a passive verb. In addition, the prefix meng-, with its allomorphs me-, men, mem-, meny, meng, also marked an active transitive verb (2009, p.112) Nazilah Mohamad and Nor Hashimah Ismail (2017), in an article entitled "Malay Science: A Study on the 17th Century Dictionary", discussed aspects of science (geography, astronomy and mathematics), religion, and commerce based on data from Bowrey's dictionary.…”

Section: Research On Thomas Bowrey's Dictionarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, two forms of navigation that were often used were wind navigation and celestial navigation (Mohamed Nazreen, et.al, 2017). Nazilah Mohamad and Nor Hashimah (2017) north-east. Bowrey lists the terms Ootāra ʃa māta bārat, "North-weʃt", Ootāra Sa māta timmore, "North, Eaʃt", Sālātan Sāmāta bārat, "South-weʃt", Sālātan Sāmāta timmore, "Southeaʃt", Timmore ʃa māta ootāra, "North-eaʃt", Timmore ʃa māta sālātan, "South-eaʃt", Bārat ʃamāta sālātan, "South-Weʃt", and Bārat ʃa māta ootāra, "Nort-Weʃt".…”

Section: Figure 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thomas Bowrey (1701) 17th Century Description of Malay

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Thomas Bowrey, who was an employee of the British colonial government, visited the Malay-speaking region at the end of the 17th century and published a dictionary of Malay (1701) which consists of 12,683 headwords. It is one of the oldest and largest collections of data on this language, which was the first language of the people he came into contact with while travelling through the Malay Peninsula, spending most of his time in harbours along its west coast. Malay, which was spoken in the various trading centres of this area (e.g. Penang, Malacca), had long previously begun to develop into a form of lingua franca during Bowrey’s stay there due to the fact that traders, especially those from Arabic countries (beginning in the 12th century), China (from the 15th century onwards), Portugal (since 1511), the Netherlands (since 1641), and less so from England, came into contact with Malays speaking their local dialects in the various trading posts in Malaya and probably began to become acquainted with the trade-language variant. Thus, Bowrey must have observed and recorded elements of both. The data he collected is not limited to Malay variants spoken in coastal areas, but includes material from dialects which he encountered during his travels throughout the Malay Peninsula, though without, however, describing the locations in which he took notes on the lexicon and clauses. Not all of his material was written into manuscript form during his stay in Southeast Asia. A large part of his notes taken in situ were prepared for publication during his long journey home. His notes, which were used to print his dictionary, are in part kept in British libraries. Most of the material accessible to the public was studied during the preparation of this thesis. Earlier works on this dictionary are quite limited in scope. They deal with very specific aspects such as the meanings of headwords found between the letters A and C (Rahim Aman, 1997 & 1998), and the work of Nor Azizah, who deals with the lexical change found in Bowrey’s dictionary between D and F, and syntactic and sociolinguistic aspects (Mashudi Kader, 2009), and collective nouns by Tarmizi Hasrah (2010). This study will discuss Bowrey’s dictionary as a whole in order to describe its contribution to our knowledge of linguistic and non-linguistic facts in 17th century Malaya. Besides analysing Malay synchronically, this thesis also deals with historical-comparative questions and asks whether Bowrey contributes to our knowledge of the changes to the Malay language between the 17th and 21st centuries. In order to answer the research questions, this study not only relies on the dictionary in its entirety, but also on the notes found in British libraries as well as other material on early Malay, such as the Pigafetta list (1523), Houtman (1598–1603), and the Wilkinson dictionary (1901) as a complement to Bowrey’s dictionary; at the same time, the Malay Concordance Project (online), the SEAlang Project (online), Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (online), and Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat (2007) will represent modern Malay. It should be borne in mind that in contrast to the Thomas Bowrey dictionary (TBD), Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat (KDE4) does not hold information on colloquial forms of Malay, many of which reflect features of lingua franca Malay. This study is divided into two different branches, namely the consideration of synchronic aspects and historical comparative aspects. Finally, this study concludes that the Malay language in Thomas Bowrey’s dictionary is heavily influenced by both external and internal factors prevalent to the 17th century. The Malay language recorded in the Thomas Bowrey dictionary is very similar to modern Malay. The similarities between the Malay language of the 17th century and the Malay language of today are considerable, even though there are, of course, still some notable variances.

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Section: Problem Statement and Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research On Thomas Bowrey's Dictionarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research On Thomas Bowrey's Dictionarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thomas Bowrey (1701) 17th Century Description of Malay

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Kamus Thomas Bowrey dan Sosiobudaya Melayu Abad Ke-17

Othman

2022

ILS

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Thomas Bowrey merupakan pedagang British yang belayar di Kepulauan Melayu pada abad ke-17 dan telah menghasilkan sebuah kamus Inggeris-Melayu pertama yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1701 di London. Kamus ini disusun sebagai usaha membantu orang-orang Inggeris yang berhasrat ke Kepulauan Melayu selepas Bowrey. Makalah ini bertujuan membincangkan aspek sosiobudaya yang terdapat dalam data kamus Thomas Bowrey (KTB). Perbandingan secara sinkronis dan diakronis menjadi dasar analisis ini. Kaedah tinjauan digunakan untuk menganalisis setiap kata dalam KTB. Penguraian kesemua entri dalam kamus ini terdiri atas perbandingan dengan kamus yang lebih moden dan data korpus lain seperti Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2007), Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (dalam talian), A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary (Stevens & Schmidgall-Tellings, 2010). Sumber sezaman seperti daftar kata Pigafetta (1525), daftar kata Houtman (1603) dan daftar kata Wiltens dan Danckaerts (1623) digunakan sebagai alat untuk menyempurnakan penguraian data kamus Bowrey. Aspek sosiobudaya yang dibincangkan dalam makalah ini merangkumi data yang berkaitan dengan istilah kata ganti nama (sapaan) dan istilah kekeluargaan. Makalah ini menyimpulkan data yang dipaparkan Bowrey (1701) menunjukkan istilah bagi kata ganti nama dan istilah kekeluargaan banyak menerima unsur daripada bahasa asing seperti Hindi dan Jawa selain merakamkan beberapa istilah yang tidak dapat dihuraikan secara linguistik.

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Berkeliling Dunia dengan Kata: Iktibar daripada Kamus Bahasa Melayu Abad Ke-17

Othman¹

2023

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Perhatian orang Inggeris pada abad ke-17 terhadap perkembangan bahasa Melayu dapat dijangkakan sebagai sebahagian daripada bukti persaingan sengit yang wujud antara Inggeris dan pesaingnya Belanda (VOC). Persaingan sengit tersebut tidak hanya terbatas dalam hal memonopoli perdagangan tetapi juga dalam perebutan kawasan, pengaruh dukungan daripada pemerintah tempatan serta kelebihan ketika berdagang. Kesemua faktor persekitaran ini mencorakkan hasil penglibatan orang Inggeris dalam penghasilan naskhah dalam bahasa Melayu seperti kamus, catatan kembara, risalah agama dan manuskrip yang memerikan batang tubuh bangsa, bahasa dan negara yang dilawati ketika itu. Thomas Bowrey (TB), misalnya, merupakan seorang pedagang British yang belayar di Kepulauan Melayu pada abad ke-17 yang terkenal dengan kamus Inggeris-Melayu pertama yang terbit pada tahun 1701. Bowrey juga telah menghasilkan karya lain tentang bahasa Melayu yang menyimpan banyak maklumat seputar kebijakan tamadun bangsa Melayu pada abad ke-17 serta peranan, perhatian dan minat orang Inggeris dalam usaha mencorakkan perkembangan yang berlaku ketika itu. Makalah ini akan membincangkan bukti kemajuan dan kebijakan tamadun Melayu yang terdapat dalam manuskrip Thomas Bowrey yang disusun pada abad ke-17. Perbincangan akan menyentuh istilah daripada kosa kata pelayaran dalam manuskrip tersebut. Maklumat bahasa ini dibincangkan berdasarkan pendekatan etimologi (Collins, 2003 & 2018). Makalah ini menyimpulkan maklumat dalam manuskrip Bowrey menunjukkan perhatian dan rasa ingin tahu Inggeris terhadap bahasa Melayu bukan hanya muncul akibat desakan pengaruh dan kuasa dalam perdagangan oleh pihak EIC semata-mata, tetapi juga oleh suasana keilmuan dan kesarjanaan bahasa dan bangsa Melayu pada abad ke-17.

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Malay Science: A Study on the 17th Century Dictionary

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Thomas Bowrey (1701) 17th Century Description of Malay

Thomas Bowrey (1701) 17th Century Description of Malay

Kamus Thomas Bowrey dan Sosiobudaya Melayu Abad Ke-17

Berkeliling Dunia dengan Kata: Iktibar daripada Kamus Bahasa Melayu Abad Ke-17

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