Malassezia pachydermatis from animals: Planktonic and biofilm antifungal susceptibility and its virulence arsenal

Brilhante, Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira; Rocha, Maria Gleiciane da; Guedes, Gláucia Morgana de Melo; Oliveira, Jonathas Sales de; Araújo, Géssica dos Santos; Acosta-España, Jaime David; Sales, Juscelino Chaves; Aguiar, Lara de; Paiva, Manoel de Araújo Neto; Cordeiro, Rossana de Aguiar; Pereira-Neto, Waldemiro de Aquino; Pinheiro, Adriana de Queiroz; Sidrim, José Júlio Costa; Castelo-Branco, Débora de Souza Collares Maia; Rocha, Marcos Fábio Gadelha

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.003

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Antimicrobial resistance has emerged globally as a serious threat to human and animal health (Fera et al, 2009). Recent publications (Brilhante et al, 2018;Schlemmer et al, 2019a) support previous observations that most wild-type Malassezia yeasts remain susceptible to the commonly-used azole drugs such as itraconazole, ketoconazole and miconazole, although efficacy of fluconazole is more variable (Velegraki et al, 2004;Cafarchia et al, 2012a,b;Weiler et al, 2013). In M. pachydermatis isolates from canine otitis externa, synergistic interactions have been reported between between caspofungin and itraconazole or fluconazole (Schlemmer et al, 2019a), whereas amphoterecin B antagonized the activity of itraconazole, but not fluconazole or posaconazole (Alvarez-Perez et al, 2019).…”

Section: Antifungal Drug Susceptibility Testing For M Pachydermatismentioning

confidence: 99%

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Guillot

Bond

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia are important skin commensals and opportunistic skin pathogens in a variety of animals. The species M. pachydermatis was first isolated from the skin of a captive Indian rhinoceros with an exfoliative dermatitis in 1925, recognized as an important otic pathogen of dogs in the 1950's, and finally accepted, after several years of controversy, as a common cause of canine dermatitis in the 1990's. Since then, there has been considerable research into the biology of Malassezia yeasts and their interaction with their animal hosts. In dogs and cats, M. pachydermatis is associated with ceruminous otitis externa and a "seborrhoeic" dermatitis, wherein pruritic, erythematous skin lesions, often with brown/black greasy, malodourous material matting hairs, preferentially develop in intertriginous areas. Skin disease is favored by folds, underlying hypersensitivity disorders, endocrinopathies, defects of cornification, and in cats, various visceral paraneoplastic syndromes. Diagnosis is based on detecting the yeast in compatible skin lesions, usually by cytology, and observing a clinical and mycological response to therapy. Treatment normally comprises topical or systemic azole therapy, often with miconazole-chlorhexidine shampoos or oral itraconazole or ketoconazole. Management of concurrent diseases is important to minimize relapses. Historically, wild-type Malassezia isolates from dogs and cats were typically susceptible to azoles, with the exception of fluconazole, but emerging azole resistance in field strains has recently been associated with either mutations or quadruplication of the ERG11 gene. These observations have prompted increased interest in alternative topical antifungal drugs, such as chlorhexidine, and various essential oils. Further clinical trials are awaited with interest.

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Section: Antifungal Drug Susceptibility Testing For M Pachydermatismentioning

confidence: 99%

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Guillot

Bond

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…A graphical summary of the activity reported for different antifungal agents in some studies [22,[26][27][28][29][48][49][50][51][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] (Figure 4) allows appreciating the variability in results obtained thus far.…”

Section: The In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Of M Pachydermatismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofilms adhere to a biotic or abiotic surfaces, and its structure contributes to the innate physical and chemical resistance of the microorganisms [103]. Some studies [55,57,63,65] demonstrated that most isolates of M. pachydermatis can produce a biofilm and, as shown for other organisms [104], in this form the yeast has significantly reduced antifungal susceptibility-e.g., the MICs increase from 0.03 to >16 µg/mL for both KTZ and ITZ [57].…”

Section: Mics Higher For Isolates Developing As "Biofilm"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Resistance Regarding Malassezia pachydermatis: Where Are We Now?

Peano

Johnson

Chiavassa

et al. 2020

JoF

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Malassezia pachydermatis is a yeast inhabiting the skin and ear canals in healthy dogs. In the presence of various predisposing conditions it can cause otitis and dermatitis, which are treated with multiple antifungal agents, mainly azole derivatives. This manuscript aims to review the available evidence regarding the occurrence of resistance phenomena in this organism. Various findings support the capacity of M. pachydermatis for developing resistance. These include some reports of treatment failure in dogs, the reduced antifungal activity found against yeast isolates sampled from dogs with exposure to antifungal drugs and strains exposed to antifungal agents in vitro, and the description of resistance mechanisms. At the same time, the data reviewed may suggest that the development of resistance is a rare eventuality in canine practice. For example, only three publications describe confirmed cases of treatment failure due to antifungal resistance, and most claims of resistance made by past studies are based on interpretive breakpoints that lack sound support from the clinical perspective. However, it is possible that resistant cases are underreported in literature, perhaps due to the difficulty of obtaining a laboratory confirmation given that a standard procedure for susceptibility testing of M. pachydermatis is still unavailable. These considerations highlight the need for maintaining surveillance for the possible emergence of clinically relevant resistance, hopefully through a shared strategy put in place by the scientific community.

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“…Contudo, a patogenicidade desta levedura pode estar relacionada à características do hospedeiro, como desordens hormonais ou imunológicas, que favorecem seu crescimento como oportunista. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Diversas espécies de Malassezia spp. foram associadas as infecções cutâneas e as otites externas e dermatites atópicas em cães.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…As otites podem se manifestar em decorrência de causas primárias, como alergias alimentares e sistema imunológico do hospedeiro deficiente, mas também quando ocorre alguma alteração no conduto auditivo, tais como mudanças de temperatura, pH ou umidade, permitindo que este micro-organismo deixe de viver como comensal e se torne um patógeno oportunista. 1,2,4,6,7 Segundo a física, o plasma é considerado o quarto estado da matéria e está presente em todo o universo. Ele pode ser encontrado como um gás ou vapor, ionizado ou energizado, que pode ser criado a partir de aplicação de energia, na forma de calor ou campo eletromagnético, descargas elétricas (como relâmpago) ou reações nucleares controladas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estudo comparativo de dois eletrodos associados ao plasma elétrico de alta frequência na redução do crescimento de cepas clínicas de Malassezia spp

Rodrigues¹,

Univap

Silva

et al. 2019

Amazônia Science &Health

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Estudo comparativo de dois eletrodos associados ao plasma elétrico de alta frequência na redução do crescimento de cepas clínicas de Malassezia spp. Comparative study of two electrodes associated to high frequency electric plasma in the reduction of the growth of clinical strains of Malassezia spp. RESUMO Introdução: Malassezia spp. é um gênero leveduriforme, comumente isolado da microbiota normal do conduto auditivo de cães, que possui espécies associadas a otites externas e dermatites atópicas. O plasma elétrico é considerado o quarto estado da matéria, que vem sendo empregado na descontaminação e esterilização. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do plasma elétrico de alta frequência, utilizando dois diferentes eletrodos de vidro, na redução do crescimento de cepas clínicas de leveduras do gênero Malassezia spp. Material e Métodos: Nove amostras de Malassezia spp., isoladas do conduto auditivo de cães com otite externa, foram tratadas durante 6 minutos com plasma elétrico de alta frequência por meio de dois diferentes eletrodos de vidro. Após 72 horas de incubação em estufa, as amostras foram analisadas e comparadas com amostras controle. Resultados: Verificou-se que nas amostras tratadas com plasma de alta frequência, por meio do eletrodo esférico maior, houve uma redução considerável no número de unidades formadoras de colônias, cerca de 82%, em relação ao controle positivo. Conclusão: O plasma de alta frequência mostrou-se como uma técnica promissora no controle in vitro de cepas clínicas de Malassezia spp. induzindo um percentual médio de redução de 82% quando tratadas com o eletrodo do tipo esférico, o mesmo não foi observado quando utilizado o eletrodo do tipo cauterizador que apresentou um percentual de redução médio de apenas 32%. Descritores: Malassezia spp. Cães. Otite externa. Gases de plasma. Plasma a frio.

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Malassezia pachydermatis from animals: Planktonic and biofilm antifungal susceptibility and its virulence arsenal

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Antifungal Resistance Regarding Malassezia pachydermatis: Where Are We Now?

Estudo comparativo de dois eletrodos associados ao plasma elétrico de alta frequência na redução do crescimento de cepas clínicas de Malassezia spp

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