Malaria seroprevalence in blood bank donors from endemic and non-endemic areas of Venezuela

Contreras, Carmen E.; Donato, Marcos De; Rivas, M.A.; Rodulfo, Hectorina; Mora, R; Batista, María Eulalia; Marcano, N

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762011000200002

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Individuals presenting asymptomatic infection by Plasmodium parasites represent a risk for transfusion-related transmission; these are usually cases with low parasite levels that are undetected in the screening process using less sensitive laboratory tests. 7 , 15 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transfusion-transmitted malaria in endemic zone: epidemiological profile of blood donors at the Fundação HEMOAM and use of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria screening in Manaus

Torres

Moresco

Sales

et al. 2014

Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia

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ObjectiveWith 99% of the cases in Brazil, malaria is endemic in the Amazon region. Transfusion-transmitted malaria, an important risk in endemic areas, has been reported. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of blood donor candidates at the Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas and evaluate the efficacy of rapid diagnostic tests used for malaria screening of blood donors within endemic regions.MethodsBetween May 2008 and May 2009, 407 blood donor candidates were selected and grouped based on the Malaria Annual Parasite Index of the geographic area in which they originated: Group 1 (eligible donors – n = 265) originated from areas of low to medium risk of exposure to malaria and Group 2 (ineligible donors – n = 142) originated from high-risk areas. All samples were concurrently screened using two immunochromatic antigen-based rapid tests and by the thick smear test.ResultsAll samples were negative by all three methods. The demographic profile indicated that the majority of participants were male, ages ranged from 18 to 39 years and less than half the candidates had only elementary schooling. Two issues need to be addressed: one is the ineligibility of donors and its impact on blood donor centers as, in this study, 22.7% of the donors were considered ineligible. The other is the limited sensitivity of the parasitological tests used, allowing a risk of false-negative results.ConclusionNew methods are needed to ensure transfusion safety without rejecting potential donors, which would ensure safe transfusion without harming the blood supply.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 6 Cases of malaria caused by blood transfusion can occur when the donor has asymptomatic malaria or during the incubation period when the disease is not diagnosed by clinical and epidemiological screening. 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfusion-transmitted malaria in endemic zone: epidemiological profile of blood donors at the Fundação HEMOAM and use of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria screening in Manaus

Torres

Moresco

Sales

et al. 2014

Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia

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“…PCR was used for donor screening in nine locations, with results ranging from 0.0% in Cali (Colombia) [ 22 ] and USA donors [ 34 ] to 7.5% in São Paulo [ 35 ]. Compared to microscopy, PCR presented higher positivity in one study [ 32 ] and total agreement in another [ 36 ]. Quantitative buffy coat was employed in two studies with no cases detected [ 27 , 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantitative buffy coat was employed in two studies with no cases detected [ 27 , 32 ]. Direct serological tests presented prevalences of 0.0% in São Paulo, Pará and Mato Grosso states (Brazil) [ 27 ] and Cali (Colombia) [ 22 ] and 2.4% in Venezuela [ 36 ]. In endemic countries, indirect serological tests showed prevalences ranging from 0% in hypoendemic areas of Colombia [ 22 ] and Venezuela [ 37 ] to 64.5% among blood donors of Mato Grosso (Brazil) [ 27 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative transmission routes in the malaria elimination era: an overview of transfusion-transmitted malaria in the Americas

Alho

Machado

Val

et al. 2017

Malar J

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BackgroundTransfusion-transmitted (TT) malaria is an alternative infection route that has gained little attention from authorities, despite representing a life-threatening condition. There has been no systematic review of this health problem in American countries. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of TT malaria in the Americas and identify factors associated with lethality based on the studies published in the literature.MethodsPotentially relevant papers in all languages were retrieved from MEDLINE and LILACS. Additional articles were obtained from reviews and original papers. Publications on screening of candidate blood donors and on surveillance of TT malaria cases were included. Odds ratios with respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Epidemiological characteristics of blood donors of TT malaria cases, including a pooled positivity of different tests for malaria diagnosis, were retrieved.ResultsA total of 63 publications regarding TT malaria from seven countries were included, from 1971 to 2016. A total of 422 cases of TT malaria were recorded. Most TT malaria cases were in females (62.0%) and 39.5% were in the ≥61 years-old age group. About half of all cases were from Mexico (50.7%), 40.3% from the United States of America (USA) and 6.6% from Brazil. Gyneco-obstetrical conditions (67.3%), surgical procedures (20.6%) and complications from neoplasias (6.1%) were the most common indications of transfusion. Packed red blood cells (RBCs) (50.7%) and whole blood (43.3%) were the blood products mostly associated with TT malaria. Cases were mostly caused by Plasmodium malariae (58.4%), followed by Plasmodium vivax (20.7%) and Plasmodium falciparum (17.9%). A total of 66.6% of cases were diagnosed by microscopy. Incubation period of 2–3 weeks was the most commonly observed (28.6%). Lethality was seen in 5.3% of cases and was associated with living in non-endemic countries, P. falciparum infection and concomitant neoplastic diseases.ConclusionThere is an important research and knowledge gap regarding the TT malaria burden in Latin American countries where malaria remains endemic. No screening method that is practical, affordable and suitably sensitive is available at blood banks in Latin American countries, where infections with low parasitaemia contribute greatly to transmission. Lethality from TT malaria was not negligible. TT malaria needs to be acknowledged and addressed in areas moving toward elimination.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1726-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In parallel, new techniques have been developed for laboratory screening of malaria, with the aim of selecting potential blood donors, such as the rapid diagnostic tests [17,19], enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) for P . falciparum antigen [20]. However, this technique has low sensitivity at low levels of antigens, ranging from 100 to 1,000 parasites/μL of blood, according to the species and method used [8,11,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time PCR diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax among blood donors

Batista-dos-Santos

Raiol

Santos

et al. 2012

Malar J

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BackgroundWhen selecting blood donors in transfusion centres, one important problem is to identify, during screening, individuals with infectious diseases that can be transmitted by blood, such as malaria, especially when the parasite densities are very low. This problem is particularly severe in endemic areas, such as the Brazilian Amazon. In the present study, molecular diagnostic (real-time PCR) of Plasmodium vivax was used to identify blood donors infected with malaria parasites.MethodsSamples from 595 blood donors were collected in seven haemotherapy centres in northern Brazil located in areas at risk for malaria transmission, and the analyses were performed by real-time PCR with TaqMan probes on 7500 Real-Time PCR Systems, to genotype the mitochondrial DNA region specific to P. vivax. The experiment was designed for hybridization of the cytochrome c oxidase genes of the mitochondrial genome (GenBank GI63022502). The serological data were obtained using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - ELISA (Anti-HIV, Anti-HTLV I-II; Anti-HVC, HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Chagas disease) and VDRL (Syphilis) from the Blood Bank System of the Haematology and Haemotherapy Centre of Pará.ResultsThe assay identified eight individuals in the sample (1.34%) infected with P. vivax at the time of blood donation. This percentage was higher than the altered serological results (reactive or inconclusive) of the prevalence of anti-HIV (0.67%), anti-hepatitis C virus (0.34%), anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (0.67%), anti-human T-lymphotropic virus I/II (1.18%), anti-Chagas disease (0.17%) and syphilis (VDRL) (0.50%), but not higher than anti-hepatitis B core antigen antibodies (4.37%). This result indicates the need to use more sensitive methods of diagnosing malaria in blood banks.ConclusionThe real-time PCR with TaqMan probes enabled the identification of P. vivax in a high proportion of clinically healthy donors, highlighting the potential risk for transfusion-transmitted malaria. Additionally, this molecular diagnostic tool can be adopted as a new laboratory screening method in haemotherapy centres, especially in malaria-endemic areas.

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Malaria seroprevalence in blood bank donors from endemic and non-endemic areas of Venezuela

Abstract: In Venezuela, a total of 363,466 malaria cases were reported between 1999363,466 malaria cases were reported between -2009 Caracas, Ciudad Bolívar, Puerto Ayacucho and Cumaná, with prevalences of 1.02, 1.60, 3.23 and 3.63%,

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Transfusion-transmitted malaria in endemic zone: epidemiological profile of blood donors at the Fundação HEMOAM and use of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria screening in Manaus

Transfusion-transmitted malaria in endemic zone: epidemiological profile of blood donors at the Fundação HEMOAM and use of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria screening in Manaus

Alternative transmission routes in the malaria elimination era: an overview of transfusion-transmitted malaria in the Americas

Real-time PCR diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax among blood donors

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