Malaria Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Eritrea

Sintasath, David; Ghebremeskel, Tewolde; Lynch, Matthew; Kleinau, E; Bretas, Gustavo; Shililu, Josephat; Brantly, Eugene; Graves, Patricia M.; Beier, John C.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2005.72.682

Cited by 70 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The present result is consistent with the study conducted among patients attending public health facilities in Maputo City, Mozambique with 15.7% of prevalence [32]; result from Pakistan, Lal Qilla visited to health care center 17.3% [33] and from Hadhramout, Yemen [34] with 18.8%. This result was higher than reports from Kemisie, Ethiopia [35], Butajira, Ethiopia [36], Bangladesh [37], and Eritrea [38] with 5.3%, 0.93%, 3.97% and 2.2% respectively. In contrary, it is less than that reported in Kersa Woreda Jimma 43.8% [39], Hallaba, Ethiopia [40] with 82.8% and Nigeria by 39.5% [41].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Prevalence of Malaria and Associated Factors in Dilla Town and the Surrounding Rural Areas, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Ayele¹

2015

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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Although progress in the fight against malaria, about 75% of the land and 60% of the population is exposed to malaria in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of malaria in Dilla town and surrounding rural areas, Southern Ethiopia. Institution based, cross sectional study was employed from October 01 to December 29, 2014 in health facilities. A stratified sampling technique was carried out to select representative individuals. A pre-tested structured questionnaire and blood film examination format (n=350) were used as data collection tools. Peripheral blood samples were collected and the presence of malaria parasites was observed microscopically on thick and thin blood smears. Personal data were collected through the householdbased questionnaires. Finally, data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. The overall prevalence of malaria in the study area was 16.0% with higher infection rate in the surrounding area (53.6%) and amongst the age group of 15-24 years (35.7%). The predominant Plasmodium species detected was P. vivax (62.5%) followed by P. falciparum (26.8%) and mixed malaria infection of both species (10.7%). Chi-square result revealed that residing in houses with mud block walls and unavailability of insecticide treated bed nets were found to be significantly associated with the risk of getting malaria parasites (p<0.05). Individuals living in nearby stagnant water were found to be two times more likely to get malaria parasites than those who were far away from these risky areas (OR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.50-3.85). Houses that had been sprayed with insecticide in the past 6 months were protected against malaria infection (OR=2.45, 95% CI: 2.20-3.99). In conclusion, the prevalence of malaria reported in the current study was higher than reports in many areas of the country despite its reduction from year to year.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Prevalence of Malaria and Associated Factors in Dilla Town and the Surrounding Rural Areas, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Ayele¹

2015

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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“…Similarly, in Brazilian hypoendemic Amazon State, prevalences between 0.5 and 4.2% have been documented and spleen rate of less than 1% was also always detected among this age group [22,23] . In this study age and sex were not risk factors for malaria, this goes with the previous observations in Sudan [9,23] as well as in the neighbour Eritrea [24] . A two years old child died because of severe malaria (repeated convulsions).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Epidemiology and Seasonal Pattern of Malaria in an Irrigated Area of Eastern Sudan

Himeidan¹,

Malik²,

Adam³

2005

American J. of Infectious Diseases

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Epidemiological patterns of malaria are widely different; such information can help programs to design interventions relevant to situation. This cohort study investigated the epidemiology of malaria in Dipaira camp, an irrigated area, in eastern Sudan during the period July 2004 to Jun 2005. At baseline, the relevant socio-demographic factors and the monthly malaria parasitological surverys were carried-out. Thirty-six (4.1%) out of 860 blood smears were found positive for malaria, 32 were P. falciparum and 4 were P. vivax. One child (two years old) died due to severe malaria (repeated convulsions). The mean malaria prevalence was 4.2 (95% confidence interval, 2.84-5.53) per 100 person-months (range, 0.0% -11.7 %), with two peaks in autumn (7.5 per 100 person-months) and cool dry seasons (4.6 per 100 person-months).The age and sex were not significantly different between the infected and non-infected groups. Thus, malaria in the area is highly seasonal with prevalence ranging between 0.00 to 11.7%. Efforts to control malaria should be designed to cover the end of the rainy season.

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“…A summary of the final 13 publications included in the meta-regression analysis is shown in Table 1. Among the 13 studies selected for meta-regression analysis, two studies were randomized control trials (RCTs), 39,40 four were cross-sectional studies comparing malaria parasitemia rates in a population that lived in IRS-covered homes to another group that did not, 35,[41][42][43] and seven were cohort studies that assessed the parasitemia rate before IRS intervention and again at a certain time after IRS. 38,[44][45][46][47][48][49] This classification resulted in seven observations from RCTs (16%), 20 observations from cross-sectional studies (44%), and 18 observations from cohort studies (40%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Malaria Prevalence by Indoor Residual Spraying: A Meta-Regression Analysis

Kim

Fedak

Kramer

2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has become an increasingly popular method of insecticide use for malaria control, and many recent studies have reported on its effectiveness in reducing malaria burden in a single community or region. There is a need for systematic review and integration of the published literature on IRS and the contextual determining factors of its success in controlling malaria. This study reports the findings of a meta-regression analysis based on 13 published studies, which were chosen from more than 400 articles through a systematic search and selection process. The summary relative risk for reducing malaria prevalence was 0.38 (95% confidence interval = 0.31-0.46), which indicated a risk reduction of 62%. However, an excessive degree of heterogeneity was found between the studies. The meta-regression analysis indicates that IRS is more effective with high initial prevalence, multiple rounds of spraying, use of DDT, and in regions with a combination of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria.

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Malaria Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Eritrea

Cited by 70 publications

References 16 publications

Prevalence of Malaria and Associated Factors in Dilla Town and the Surrounding Rural Areas, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Prevalence of Malaria and Associated Factors in Dilla Town and the Surrounding Rural Areas, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Epidemiology and Seasonal Pattern of Malaria in an Irrigated Area of Eastern Sudan

Reduction of Malaria Prevalence by Indoor Residual Spraying: A Meta-Regression Analysis

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