Epidemiology and Seasonal Pattern of Malaria in an Irrigated Area of Eastern Sudan

BackgroundThere are few published studies on Plasmodium falciparum genotypes in peripheral, placental and umbilical cord blood in areas characterised by unstable malaria transmission.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate P. falciparum genotypes in matched peripheral, placental and umbilical cord blood in eastern Sudan. Thick blood smears and P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) and 2 (MSP2) genes as polymorphic markers in polymerase chain reactions were investigated in 3 kinds of samples of 153 pregnant women at delivery.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the prevalence of blood film-detected P. falciparum in which 5 (3.3%), 7 (4.6%) and 3 (2.0%) (P = 0.437) of the 153 samples were determined to be P. falciparum-positive by microscopy for maternal peripheral, placental and cord blood samples, respectively.Out of these 145 samples, 24 (16.6%), 39 (26.9%) and 24 (16.6%) (P = 0.039) of the peripheral, placental and cord samples, respectively, had submicroscopic parasitaemia (blood films were negative). There was no association between submicroscopic parasitaemia and age or parity.RO33 and K1 (MSP1 alleles) were detected in 21/29 (72.4%), 42/46 (85.7%), 26/27 (92.2%) and 6/29 (20.6), 16/46 (32.6) and 0(0) (P < 0.001) of the maternal, placental and cord samples, respectively. MAD20 was not detected in any of the samples.While the 3D7/IC1 allele was detected in 12 (41.3%), 30 (65.2%) and 4 (14.8%) (P < 0.001) of the peripheral, placental and cord samples, respectively, the FC (MSP2) allele was detected in only the 6 (20.6) placental samples. Multi-clonal infection was detected in 10 (34.4), 27 (58.6) and 3 (11.1) (P < 0.001) of the maternal placental and cord samples, respectively.ConclusionCompared with the peripheral and cord samples, placental samples had a higher prevalence of submicroscopic parasitaemia. MSP1 alleles were predominant in the cord, while MSP2 alleles were predominant in the placental samples, which had a significant higher multiplicity of the infection.

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“…The area is characterised by unstable malaria transmission, and P. falciparum is the main parasite species (Himeidan et al, 2005). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium falciparum genotypes in matched peripheral, placental and umbilical cord blood in an area characterised by unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan

Fadlelseed

Osman

Shamseldin

et al. 2017

Heliyon

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“…The study was conducted during July 2006 in the New Halfa area, Eastern Sudan, which is characterized by unstable malaria transmission (Himeidan et al 2005). After obtaining an informed consent, all the midwives in the area and all the pregnant women in 21 villages-of 176 villages-were interviewed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of the causes of malaria and of its complications, treatment and prevention among midwives and pregnant women of Eastern Sudan

Adam

Omer²,

Salih

et al. 2007

J Public Health

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Background Malaria infection during pregnancy is a big burden in Sudan and has many adverse effects on both mother and fetus. There are no data concerning the local socio-cultural knowledge of malaria, its complications and prevention during pregnancy. Aim This study was conducted to assess the perceptions of the causes of malaria, its complications, treatment and prevention among midwives and pregnant women of Eastern Sudan so as to provide policy makers and malaria programme managers with information needed to improve the design of malaria control. Subject and methods Interviews were conducted with 87 midwives and 168 pregnant women. ResultsMore than three-quarters (78.2%) of the midwives and (82.7%) pregnant women perceived that mosquitoes were the transmitters of malaria. The coverage of insecticidetreated bed nets (ITNs) was 65.5% among the interviewed pregnant women. There was poor knowledge about the complications of malaria during pregnancy and the effect of malaria treatment on the fetus among the interviewed midwives and pregnant women. More than 60% of the midwives (n=59, 67.8%) and almost all of the pregnant women (n=162, 96.4%) had no knowledge about intermittent preventive treatment (IPT). Conclusion Thus, in spite of good knowledge about symptoms of malaria during pregnancy, there was a lack of perception of prevention and the safety of IPT.

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“…Sudan has endemic levels of many communicable diseases, such as malaria [2,3], which necessitate speedy, safe and accurate temperature measurement for screening for fever.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of tympanic temperature measurement using an infrared tympanic membrane thermometer

et al. 2013

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BackgroundDuring investigation and diagnosis of patients, accurate temperature measurement is of great importance. The advantages of tympanic membrane thermometry are speed (temperature reading available within seconds), safety, and ease of use. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of infrared tympanic thermometers in comparison to mercury thermometers in measurement of body temperature.MethodsAxillary and tympanic temperature was measured simultaneously in consecutive patients using mercury glass and infrared tympanic thermometers at Omdurman Hospital, Sudan during October 2012.ResultsIn total, temperature was measured in 174 patients, 95 of whom (54.6%) were male. The mean (SD) patient age and weight was 33.18 (25.07) years and 52.13 (69.85) kg. There was no significant difference in mean (SD) temperature measurement between mercury and infrared tympanic membrane thermometers, 37.29°C (0.91) versus 37.38°C (0.95), P = 0.373, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between axillary and tympanic body temperature measurements (r = 0.697, P < 0.001). The mean difference between the two readings (with limits of agreements) was - 0.093 (−0.20; 0.02) °C.ConclusionIn this study, tympanic membrane thermometry is as reliable and accurate as axillary mercury glass thermometry. Thus, tympanic thermometry can be used in clinical practice, especially in the emergency setting, where ease of use and speed of obtaining the temperature reading are important.

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Epidemiology and Seasonal Pattern of Malaria in an Irrigated Area of Eastern Sudan

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Plasmodium falciparum genotypes in matched peripheral, placental and umbilical cord blood in an area characterised by unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan

Plasmodium falciparum genotypes in matched peripheral, placental and umbilical cord blood in an area characterised by unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan

Perceptions of the causes of malaria and of its complications, treatment and prevention among midwives and pregnant women of Eastern Sudan

Accuracy of tympanic temperature measurement using an infrared tympanic membrane thermometer

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