Malaria parasitaemia among long distance truck drivers in the Niger delta of Nigeria

Erhabor, O; Obioma, Azuonwu; Frank-Peterside, Nnenna

doi:10.4314/ahs.v12i2.4

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the midst of these challenges, we advocate that malaria diagnosis using thick and thin blood film stained with Giemsa could become an inexpensive, cost effective and readily available minimal alternative, particularly, in resource-limited, malaria-endemic settings in sub-Saharan Africa to protect the integrity and purity of blood supply. Consistent with previous reports [8,16,17,19], we found P. falciparum the predominant species among plasmodiumparasitized donors. Plasmodium falciparum malaria may be associated with a potentially fatal outcome, particularly if there are delays in recognition and treatment [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and methaemoglobin levels among blood donors in Sokoto, Nigeria

Zama¹,

Ahmed²,

Okwesili³

et al. 2013

Intern Med Inside

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Background: Safety of blood and blood products is of global concern in transfusion medicine especially as it concerns the transfusion transmissible malaria infection scourging the tropics. Malaria parasite also disrupts haemoglobin pigment converting haemoglobin to non functional methaemoglobin. This study was taken to determine the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and methaemoglobin level among blood donors attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto (UDUTH). Method: Two hundred and twenty eight (228) consecutively-recruited apparently healthy male blood donors aged 18-45 years were tested for methaemoglobin level using the modified Evelyn and Malloy method. Malaria testing was done using thin films made by push wedge technique prepared from the EDTA-anticoagulated blood was stained with Giemsa stain. Parasite counts were reported per 500 white blood cells (WBC). The total parasite count was determined and result expressed as the number of parasites per microlitre of blood. Result: Among the 228 blood donors screened, 74 of the subjects representing 32.5% were positive for Malaria and 154 representing 67.5% tested negative. Plasmodium falciparum was responsible for all cases of parasitaemia. The mean parasite load among the parasitized donors was 228 ± 99 parasites per microliter of blood. Among the malaria-infected donors, 60 (67.5%) had a parasite density of ≤500 µ/L, while 14 (6.2%) had a parasite density of 501-10000 µ/L. The mean methaemoglobin levels among malaria infected donors was significantly higher (p=0.002) among plasmodium parasitized (2.75% and 3.55%) compared to non-parasitized donors (2.0%). We observed a significant positive correlation between parasite density and methaemoglobin level (r=0.72, p=0.001). Conclusion: This present study indicates a high prevalence of malaria among the blood donors studied. It may be justifiable for recipients of blood transfusion particularly neonates, children and pregnant women in malaria-endemic environment to be routinely treated with antimalarial drugs as a prophylactic measure. We advocate for a mandatory universal donor-screening policy for malaria and for the exclusion of blood donors with malaria parasitaemia to further enhance blood safety in our environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and methaemoglobin levels among blood donors in Sokoto, Nigeria

Zama¹,

Ahmed²,

Okwesili³

et al. 2013

Intern Med Inside

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“…In contrast, other previous studies reported lower prevalence rates: 39.2 % of 360 antenatal clients who visit primary healthcare facilities in Kano State [ 17 ], 29.4 % of 160 blood donors in Zaria State [ 18 ], 26 % of 400 pregnant women in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State [ 48 ], 35 % of 100 long distance truck drivers in Niger Delta State [ 49 ], 42.3 % in Otukpo, Benue state, 36.1 % (1060/2936) [ 50 ], and 36.6 % (1540/4209) in Abia and Plateau States, and 41.6 % (106/255) in pregnant women in a semi-urban community of Argungu, Kebbi State [ 51 ]. When compared to other sub-Saharan countries endemic for malaria, the prevalence reported in this study was higher than the 48.2, 47.8, 49.3 and 42.9 % reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo [ 52 ], Mozambique [ 53 ], Burkina Faso [ 54 ], and Sierra Leone [ 55 ], respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Is Nigeria winning the battle against malaria? Prevalence, risk factors and KAP assessment among Hausa communities in Kano State

Dawaki

Al-Mekhlafi

Ithoi

et al. 2016

Malar J

160

140

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BackgroundMalaria is one of the most severe global public health problems worldwide, particularly in Africa, where Nigeria has the greatest number of malaria cases. This community-based study was designed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of malaria and to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding malaria among rural Hausa communities in Kano State, Nigeria.MethodsA cross-sectional community-based study was conducted on 551 participants from five local government areas in Kano State. Blood samples were collected and examined for the presence of Plasmodium species by rapid diagnostic test (RDT), Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood films, and PCR. Moreover, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental information as well as KAP data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire.ResultsA total of 334 (60.6 %) participants were found positive for Plasmodium falciparum. The prevalence differed significantly by age group (p < 0.01), but not by gender or location. A multivariate analysis showed that malaria was associated significantly with being aged 12 years or older, having a low household family income, not using insecticide treated nets (ITNs), and having no toilets in the house. Overall, 95.6 % of the respondents had prior knowledge about malaria, and 79.7, 87.6 and 95.7 % of them knew about the transmission, symptoms, and prevention of malaria, respectively. The majority (93.4 %) of the respondents considered malaria a serious disease. Although 79.5 % of the respondents had at least one ITN in their household, utilization rate of ITNs was 49.5 %. Significant associations between the respondents’ knowledge concerning malaria and their age, gender, education, and household monthly income were reported.ConclusionsMalaria is still highly prevalent among rural Hausa communities in Nigeria. Despite high levels of knowledge and attitudes in the study area, significant gaps persist in appropriate preventive practices, particularly the use of ITNs. Innovative and Integrated control measures to reduce the burden of malaria should be identified and implemented in these communities. Community mobilization and health education regarding the importance of using ITNs to prevent malaria and save lives should be considered.

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“…In endemic areas, increased risk with age is not known, although there seems to be more frequent malaria in the age group above 50 years [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Severity and Mortality in Adults Co-Infected with Malaria and HIV in Maputo, Mozambique: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundCo-infection with falciparum malaria and HIV-1 increases the severity and mortality of both infections in unstable malaria-transmission areas. In contrast, in stable transmission areas, HIV co-infection increases the severity of both infections but has not been found to influence malaria mortality.MethodsIn a prospective cross-sectional study, clinical and laboratory data were consecutively collected for all adults admitted with fever and/or suspected malaria to the medical department of the Central Hospital of Maputo, Mozambique, during two malaria seasons from January 2011. Malaria and HIV PCRs were performed, and risk factors for fatal outcomes were analysed. The impact of HIV on the clinical presentation and mortality of malaria was assessed.FindingsA total of 212 non-pregnant adults with fever and/or suspected malaria and 56 healthy controls were included in the study. Of the 131 patients with confirmed falciparum malaria, 70 were co-infected with HIV-1. The in-hospital mortality of the co-infected patients was 13.0% (9/69) compared with 1.7% (1/59) in the patients without HIV (p = 0.018). Malaria severity (p = 0.016) and co-infection with HIV (p = 0.064) were independent risk factors for death although the association with HIV did not reach statistical significance. The co-infected patients had significantly more frequent respiratory distress, bleeding disturbances, hypoglycaemia, liver and renal failure and high malaria parasitemia compared with the patients with malaria alone.InterpretationsHIV co-infection is associated with increased disease severity in and mortality from malaria in an area of stable malaria transmission. This finding was not observed earlier and should motivate doctors working in malaria-endemic areas to consider early HIV testing and a closer follow-up of patients with malaria and HIV co-infection.

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Malaria parasitaemia among long distance truck drivers in the Niger delta of Nigeria

Abstract: Background: Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria among long distance truck drivers in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and methaemoglobin levels among blood donors in Sokoto, Nigeria

Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and methaemoglobin levels among blood donors in Sokoto, Nigeria

Is Nigeria winning the battle against malaria? Prevalence, risk factors and KAP assessment among Hausa communities in Kano State

Increased Severity and Mortality in Adults Co-Infected with Malaria and HIV in Maputo, Mozambique: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

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