Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and methaemoglobin levels among blood donors in Sokoto, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Safety of blood and blood products is of global concern in transfusion medicine especially as it concerns the transfusion transmissible malaria infection scourging the tropics. Malaria parasite also disrupts haemoglobin pigment converting haemoglobin to non functional methaemoglobin. This study was taken to determine the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and methaemoglobin level among blood donors attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto (UDUTH). Method: Two hundred and twenty eight (228) consecutively-recruited apparently healthy male blood donors aged 18-45 years were tested for methaemoglobin level using the modified Evelyn and Malloy method. Malaria testing was done using thin films made by push wedge technique prepared from the EDTA-anticoagulated blood was stained with Giemsa stain. Parasite counts were reported per 500 white blood cells (WBC). The total parasite count was determined and result expressed as the number of parasites per microlitre of blood. Result: Among the 228 blood donors screened, 74 of the subjects representing 32.5% were positive for Malaria and 154 representing 67.5% tested negative. Plasmodium falciparum was responsible for all cases of parasitaemia. The mean parasite load among the parasitized donors was 228 ± 99 parasites per microliter of blood. Among the malaria-infected donors, 60 (67.5%) had a parasite density of ≤500 µ/L, while 14 (6.2%) had a parasite density of 501-10000 µ/L. The mean methaemoglobin levels among malaria infected donors was significantly higher (p=0.002) among plasmodium parasitized (2.75% and 3.55%) compared to non-parasitized donors (2.0%). We observed a significant positive correlation between parasite density and methaemoglobin level (r=0.72, p=0.001). Conclusion: This present study indicates a high prevalence of malaria among the blood donors studied. It may be justifiable for recipients of blood transfusion particularly neonates, children and pregnant women in malaria-endemic environment to be routinely treated with antimalarial drugs as a prophylactic measure. We advocate for a mandatory universal donor-screening policy for malaria and for the exclusion of blood donors with malaria parasitaemia to further enhance blood safety in our environment.

Methaemoglobin and COHb in patients with malaria

“…Thus, the results presented here appear to be more in line with two studies in Nigeria which reported more modest increases in MetHb levels in malaria: one study in 228 blood donors found a significantly higher MetHb level in Plasmodium falciparum positive individuals with a mean of 2.7% as compared to negative controls, with a mean of 2% [15] while another study in children showed raised MetHb levels in malaria (3.2%) as compared to no malaria (1.5%) [32]. …”

The Role of Ceftazidime as a Photosensitizer in Human Erythrocytes Through Oxidative Stress Mechanism

“…The absorbance at 630 nm (T1) was measured before (T1) and after (T2) the KCN was added. Met-Hb content was expressed as a percent calculated on the basis of the equation [100(S1-S2)] / [10(T1-T2)] (15)(16).…”

Transfusional malaria in the neonatal period in Lagos, South-West Nigeria

“…Sick neonates who undergo blood transfusion in sub-Saharan Africa especially in Nigeria are at risk of TM. This is because several studies have shown that the prevalence rate of malaria parasitaemia in donor blood across the SSA countries and in Nigeria is high with a range of 0.7%-55%[ 6 ] and 4.7%-74.1%[ 7 – 11 ] in SSA and Nigeria respectively. Also, routine screening of donor blood for malaria parasites prior to transfusion is currently not being practiced.…”