Malaria incidence and assessment of entomological indices among resettled communities in Ethiopia: a longitudinal study

Degefa, Teshome; Zeynudin, Ahmed; Godesso, Ameyu; Michael, Yohannes Haile; Eba, Kasahun; Zemene, Endalew; Emana, Daniel; Birlie, Belay; Tushune, Kora; Yewhalaw, Delenasaw

doi:10.1186/s12936-014-0532-z

Cited by 49 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This might be due to the higher risk of exposure to infectious mosquito bites in the resettlement villages. 12 The presence of vector-breeding sites such as pits dug for plastering and brickmaking made by new settlers during house construction could be prolific mosquito breeding habitats, which in turn may result in higher mosquito abundance in the resettlement villages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Prevalence of Gametocyte Carriage among Individuals with Asymptomatic Malaria: Implications for Sustaining Malaria Control and Elimination Efforts in Ethiopia

Degefa¹,

Zeynudin²,

Zemene³

et al. 2016

Human Parasitic Diseases

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Asymptomatic malaria often contributes to the reservoir of infection in disease transmission. This study reports the prevalence of gametocyte carriage among asymptomatic individuals and assesses the risk factors associated with asymptomatic malaria in the suburbs of Jimma town, southwestern Ethiopia. A cohort of 582 individuals residing in the suburbs of Jimma town was followed up for three months from September 2013 to November 2013. A total of 1,746 blood films were collected using active case detection. Sociodemographic profile of the study participants was collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. The incidence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria was 17.18/1,000 person-months at risk, and for Plasmodium vivax, it was 17.8/1,000 person-months at risk. The gametocyte carriage rates of P. falciparum and P. vivax were 66.7% and 12.9% among asymptomatic P. falciparum-and P. vivax-infected individuals, respectively. Geometric mean gametocyte and asexual parasite density among asymptomatic malaria cases were 412.66 (interquartile range [IQR], 300-660) and 1,866.61 (IQR, 900-6,540) parasites/μL, respectively. Age, place of residence, and distance from vector-breeding site were the main predictors of asymptomatic malaria. The high gametocyte carriage among individuals with asymptomatic malaria in the study area calls for screening and treatment of asymptomatic carriers to interrupt transmission and enhance malaria elimination efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample size determination and sampling techniques are described elsewhere. 12 Baseline sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics of each household were collected using a semistructured questionnaire. A unique identification card was given to each household member at baseline.…”

Section: -15mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Gametocyte Carriage among Individuals with Asymptomatic Malaria: Implications for Sustaining Malaria Control and Elimination Efforts in Ethiopia

Degefa¹,

Zeynudin²,

Zemene³

et al. 2016

Human Parasitic Diseases

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“…Plasmodium infections, albeit in a low number of samples, have been recorded in An. coustani in south-western Ethiopia [112], although neither infections nor mosquito identities were confirmed molecularly, and more recently in southern and eastern Zambia [56,116]. In the latter study three molecularly distinct species of An.…”

Section: Cryptic Species and Novel Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An. pharoensis is commonly found in Sudanese and Sahelian regions, but has been implicated in malaria transmission in many parts of Africa such as Nigeria, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Senegal, Egypt, Ethiopia, Chad, Kenya, Tanzania, and possibly Zambia [56,100,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112]. This species also demonstrates exophilic and/or exophagic behaviors such that they might elude indoor vector control.…”

Section: Cryptic Species and Novel Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicating Cryptic and Novel Anophelines as Malaria Vectors in Africa

Stevenson

Norris

2016

Insects

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Entomological indices and bionomic descriptions of malaria vectors are essential to accurately describe and understand malaria transmission and for the design and evaluation of appropriate control interventions. In order to correctly assign spatio-temporal distributions, behaviors and responses to interventions to particular anopheline species, identification of mosquitoes must be accurately made. This paper reviews the current methods and their limitations in correctly identifying anopheline mosquitoes in sub-Saharan Africa, and highlights the importance of molecular methods to discriminate cryptic species and identify lesser known anophelines. The increasing number of reports of Plasmodium infections in assumed “minor”, non-vector, and cryptic and novel species is reviewed. Their importance in terms of evading current control and elimination strategies and therefore maintaining malaria transmission is emphasized.

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“…However, it has been observed that after primary vectors are reduced in a population, alternative vectors have the potential to sustain malaria transmission (Antonio-Nkondjio et al 2006). Previous studies have indicated the presence of P. falciparum parasites in these alternative vectors in Kenya, Ethiopia, Zambia, and other regions in Africa (Stevenson et al 2012, Degefa et al 2015, Lobo et al 2015, Nepomichene et al 2015a, St. Laurent et al 2016, Stevenson et al 2016a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity ofAnopheles coustaniin high malaria transmission foci in southern and central Africa

Ciubotariu

Jones

Tamaki

et al. 2020

Preprint

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24Despite ongoing malaria control efforts implemented throughout sub-Saharan Africa, 25 malaria remains an enormous public health concern. Current interventions such as indoor 26 residual spraying with insecticides and use of insecticide-treated bed nets are aimed at 27 targeting the key malaria vectors that are primarily endophagic and endophilic. While these 28 control measures have resulted in a substantial decline in malaria cases and continue to 29 impact indoor transmission, the importance of alternative vectors for malaria transmission 30 has been largely neglected. Anopheles coustani, an understudied vector of malaria, is a 31 species previously thought to exhibit mostly zoophilic behavior. However, recent studies 32 from across Africa bring to light the contribution of this and ecologically similar 33 anopheline species to human malaria transmission. Like many of these understudied 34 species, An. coustani has greater anthropophilic tendencies than previously appreciated, is 35 often both endophagic and exophagic, and carries Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. 36These recent developments highlight the need for more studies throughout the geographic 37 range of this species and the potential need to control this vector. The aim of this study was 38 to explore the genetic variation of An. coustani mosquitoes and the potential of this 39 Anopheles species to contribute to malaria parasite transmission in high transmission 40 settings in Nchelenge District, Zambia, and the Kashobwe and Kilwa Health Zones in 41 Haut-Katanga Province, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Morphologically 42identified An. coustani specimens that were trapped outdoors in these study sites were 43 analyzed by PCR and sequencing for species identification and blood meal sources, and 44 malaria parasite infection was determined by ELISA and qPCR. Fifty specimens were 45 confirmed to be An. coustani by the analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase 46 subunit I (COI) and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2). Further, 47 maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of COI and ITS2 sequences revealed two 48 distinct phylogenetic groups within this relatively small regional collection. Our findings 49 indicate that both An. coustani groups have anthropophilic and exophagic habits and come 50 into frequent contact with P. falciparum, suggesting that this potential alternative malaria 51 vector might elude current vector controls in Northern Zambia and Southern DRC. This 52 study sets the groundwork for more thorough investigations of bionomic characteristics and 53 genetic diversity of An. coustani and its contribution to malaria transmission in these 54 regions.55 56

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Malaria incidence and assessment of entomological indices among resettled communities in Ethiopia: a longitudinal study

Cited by 49 publications

References 28 publications

High Prevalence of Gametocyte Carriage among Individuals with Asymptomatic Malaria: Implications for Sustaining Malaria Control and Elimination Efforts in Ethiopia

High Prevalence of Gametocyte Carriage among Individuals with Asymptomatic Malaria: Implications for Sustaining Malaria Control and Elimination Efforts in Ethiopia

Implicating Cryptic and Novel Anophelines as Malaria Vectors in Africa

Genetic diversity ofAnopheles coustaniin high malaria transmission foci in southern and central Africa

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