Malaria Imported from Ghana by Returning Gold Miners, China, 2013

Li, Zhongjie; Yang, Yue; Xiao, Ning; Zhou, Sheng; Lin, Kangming; Wang, Duoquan; Zhang, Qian; Jiang, Weikang; Li, Mei; Feng, Xinyu; Yu, Jun; Ren, Xiang; Lai, Shengjie; Sun, Jing; Fang, Zhongliao; Hu, Wenbiao; Clements, Archie C. A.; Zhou, Xiao‐Nong; Yu, Hongjie; Yang, Weizhong

doi:10.3201/eid2105.141712

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…P. falciparum malaria was imported mainly from Ghana and P. vivax malaria mainly from Asia, which was consistent with Zhou's findings (5). The number of cases of P. falciparum malaria imported into Guangxi Province increased significantly in 2013; this increase can be attributed mainly to cases imported from Ghana in 2013, which was related to people working in Ghana and other Africa countries during a gold rush in that year (21,22).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Epidemiology of Imported Infectious Diseases, China, 2005–2016

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Ren³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Imported infectious diseases are becoming a serious public health threat in China. However, limited information concerning the epidemiologic characteristics of imported infectious diseases is available. In this study, we collected data related to imported infectious diseases in mainland China from the National Information Reporting System of Infectious Diseases and analyzed demographic, temporal, and spatial distributions. The number of types of imported infectious diseases reported increased from 2 in 2005 to 11 in 2016. A total of 31,740 cases of infectious disease were imported to mainland China during 2005–2016; most of them were found in Yunnan Province. The cases were imported mainly from Africa and Asia. As a key and effective measure, pretravel education should be strengthened for all migrant workers and tourists in China, and border screening, cross-border international cooperation, and early warning should be further improved.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Epidemiology of Imported Infectious Diseases, China, 2005–2016

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Ren³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Chinese people overseas, especially those that do not live for long periods in epidemic areas, usually lack adaptive immunity and related awareness of local Plasmodium infection [60]. Additionally, there are frequently asymptomatic patients [61]. Workers returned from these areas, particularly West Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa, should be encouraged to undergo malaria testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiological surveillance of Africa and Asia imported malaria in Wuhan, Central China: comparison of diagnostic tools during 2011–2018

Xie

Cheng

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background: Malaria remains a serious public health problem globally. As the elimination of indigenous malaria continues in China, imported malaria has gradually become a major health hazard. Well-timed and accurate diagnoses could support the timely implementation of therapeutic schedules, reveal the prevalence of imported malaria and avoid transmission of the disease. Methods: Blood samples were collected in Wuhan, China, from August 2011 to December 2018. All patients accepted microscopy and rapid diagnosis test (RDT) examinations. Subsequently, each of the positive or suspected positive cases was tested for four human-infectious Plasmodium species by using 18S rRNA-based nested PCR and Taqman probe-based real-time PCR. The results of the microscopy and the two molecular diagnostic methods were analysed. Importation origins were traced by country, and the prevalence of Plasmodium species was analysed by year. Results: A total of 296 blood samples, including 288 that were microscopy and RDT positive, 7 RDT and Plasmodium falciparum positive, and 1 suspected case, were collected and reanalysed. After application of the two molecular methods and sequencing, 291 cases including 245 P. falciparum, 15 Plasmodium vivax, 20 Plasmodium ovale, 6 Plasmodium malariae and 5 mixed infections (3 P. falciparum + P. ovale, 2 P. vivax + P. ovale) were confirmed. These patients had returned from Africa (95.53%) and Asia (4.47%). Although the prevalence displayed a small-scale fluctuation, the overall trend of the imported cases increased yearly. Conclusions: These results emphasize the necessity of combined utilization of the four tools for malaria diagnosis in clinic and in field surveys of potential risk regions worldwide including Wuhan.

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“…Since 2009, the number of cases of malaria has increased, peaking in 2013 because of the malaria outbreak affecting the returning workers from Ghana in Shanglin County. 34 A total of 1,251 malaria cases were recorded in Guangxi during the entire year of 2013 from the web-based reporting system, and all were imported cases, corresponding to a 4-fold increase from 220 cases reported in 2012. 35 Among them, 1,052 were Chinese miners returning from Ghana (84.1%, 1,052/1,251) to Guangxi's Shanglin County, contributing to the high proportion of imported cases nationwide that year.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China: A Twelve-Year Surveillance Data Study

Lin

Wei

Jiang

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The incidence of an indigenous malaria, defined as malaria acquired by a local mosquito transmission, declined from 2004 to 2015 in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. However, imported malaria, defined as malaria acquired from other endemic regions outside of China, has been increasing in the region, as in the rest of the country, particularly the disease caused by . A retrospective study was conducted to explore malaria-endemic characteristics in Guangxi during the 2004-2015 timeframe; a total of 2,726 confirmed malaria cases were reported, and the majority (90.3%) were due to ( = 1,697 [62.2%]) and ( = 765 [28.1%]). Thirty-four indigenous cases (1.2%) were observed, with no cases of transmission recorded since 2012. Imported and infections increased since 2013. The interval between returning to China and the onset of illness was longer for and infections than for and infections. The difference interval among the species is likely because of the relapse of and caused by the activation of the latent hypnozoites. Therefore, health clinics should raise awareness and carry out epidemiological studies and follow-up surveys on migrant workers to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment. The evaluation of radical treatment should be carried out using a genotyping technology based on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency levels, and some new drugs active against the hypnozoites should be developed to mitigate malaria in the region.

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Malaria Imported from Ghana by Returning Gold Miners, China, 2013

Cited by 37 publications

References 10 publications

Epidemiology of Imported Infectious Diseases, China, 2005–2016

Epidemiology of Imported Infectious Diseases, China, 2005–2016

Molecular epidemiological surveillance of Africa and Asia imported malaria in Wuhan, Central China: comparison of diagnostic tools during 2011–2018

Malaria in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China: A Twelve-Year Surveillance Data Study

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