Malaria Attributable to the HIV-1 Epidemic, Sub-Saharan Africa

Korenromp, Eline L.; Williams, Brian; Vlas, Sake J. de; Gouws, Eleanor; Gilks, Charles F.; Ghys, Peter D.; Nahlen, Bernard L.

doi:10.3201/eid1109.050337

Cited by 109 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…ITNs prevent malaria among children and pregnant women when distributed at a community-level (Lengeler, 2004;Ter Kuile, 2003a, 2003b, and among adults with HIV (Mermin, 2006a). The high incidence and potentially poor outcomes of malaria among people with HIV supports the use of ITNs in HIV-infected populations (Korenromp, 2005;Kublin, 2005;Mermin, 2006b;Whitworth, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of a basic care and prevention package by HIV-infected persons in Uganda

et al. 2008

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Opportunistic infections are the leading cause of mortality among HIV-infected people. Several simple interventions prevent illness, prolong life, or prevent HIV transmission from HIV-infected people in Africa. These include: cotrimoxazole prophylaxis; insecticide-treated bed nets; supplies for household water treatment and safe storage; materials promoting family voluntary counselling and testing (VCT); and condoms. We provided these interventions to adults and children with HIV who were members of the AIDS Support Organization in Uganda. To evaluate use of this basic care and prevention package, we surveyed a representative sample of 112 clients of TASO in their homes. Among respondents, 95% reported taking cotrimoxazole everyday, 89% said they had slept under a bednet the night before, 65% reported current treatment of household drinking water, 89% of sexually active respondents reported using condoms, and 96% reported family use of VCT. Household observations verified that use of cotrimoxazole, bednets, and water treatment products were consistent with reported use. This evaluation suggests successful distribution and use of basic care and prevention services at an AIDS organization in Uganda.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of a basic care and prevention package by HIV-infected persons in Uganda

et al. 2008

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“…Agbede et al [8] observed a significant decrease in CD4+ count of patients infected with malaria attending the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. A computer simulation modelling study estimated that HIV would increase the incidence of clinical malaria and malaria deaths across the continent by more than 5% [9]. Malaria is the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality in Ghana, especially in children under five years of age, pregnant women, and the poor [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the impact of malaria on CD4+ T Cells and haemoglobin levels of HIV-malaria co-infected patients

Tagoe

Boachie

2012

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria destroy important cells required for proper immunological and haematological functioning of the body. This research therefore aimed to assess the effect of malaria on CD4+ and haemoglobin (Hb) levels of HIV-malaria co-infected patients. Methodology: The study was performed by sampling 220 adult HIV patients on highly active anti retroviral therapy (HAART) who routinely visited the Tema General Hospital in Ghana. Blood samples were obtained for both blood film microscopy identification of malaria parasites and analysis using rapid diagnostic test kits. A BD Facscount Analyzer was used in the quantification of CD4+ levels. Results: Of the 220 patients sampled, 34 (15.5%) were HIV-malaria co-infected, all of whom (34; 100%) had CD4+ counts below the normal range, while 23 (12.9%) of the HIV mono-infected patients had normal CD4+ counts. Almost all HIV-malaria co-infected patients (33; 97.1%) had low Hb levels, whereas 79 (42.5%) of the HIV mono-infected patients had normal Hb. Malaria infection strongly correlated positively and significantly with both low CD4+ count (χ2 = 0.828, P = 0.003) and Hb (χ2 = 0.817, P = 0.004) levels. Conclusion: Malaria co-infection with HIV decreases CD4+ T cells and Hb levels in patients. It is therefore recommended that HIV patients in malaria endemic areas should adhere to malaria preventive measures.

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“…Malaria whose sequences were also confirmed has been associated with HIV-1 infection and incidence of symptomatic episodes which may be severe or uncomplicated and the corresponding parasite density has been reported to be higher in HIV-1 infected individuals with low CD4 counts (Korenromp, Williams, de Vlas, et al, 2005). Some studies have shown increased viral load with acute malaria and decreased viral load following treatment (Barnabas et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization of the OSSN Microbiome in HIV-1 Infected Patients

Simbiri¹,

Robertson

2012

CCO

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Purpose: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a rare cancer previously seen in elderly men. In Botswana there is an increase in OSSN and pterygia among young HIV-1 infected patients. Factors that determine the course of this cancer have not been characterized. Recent studies identified HPV, EBV, KSHV, HSV-1/2, and CMV in patient samples. We now characterize the microbiome associated with the disease that may contribute to its course.Results: Pyrosequencing identified viruses, bacteria, fungus and parasites. Analysis of shotgun cloning sequences showed a majority of infectious agents identified by pyrosequencing. Conclusion:HIV patients with OSSN in Botswana are infected with a range of infectious agents which may represent a unique microbiome. The persistent expressions of gene products by these agents some of which are oncogenic are likely to contribute to the oncogenic process and suggest that treatment modalities of the cancer should involve the screening for endemic agents. HIV patients with OSSN in Botswana are infected with a range of infectious agents which may represent a unique microbiome. The persistent expressions of gene products by these agents some of which are oncogenic are likely to contribute to the oncogenic process and suggest that treatment modalities of the cancer should involve the screening for endemic agents. Disciplines Cancer Biology | Immune System Diseases

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Malaria Attributable to the HIV-1 Epidemic, Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract: The HIV-1 epidemic has increased the malaria disease and death rate in southern Africa.

Cited by 109 publications

References 38 publications

Utilization of a basic care and prevention package by HIV-infected persons in Uganda

Utilization of a basic care and prevention package by HIV-infected persons in Uganda

Assessment of the impact of malaria on CD4+ T Cells and haemoglobin levels of HIV-malaria co-infected patients

Characterization of the OSSN Microbiome in HIV-1 Infected Patients

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