Malaria amidst COVID-19 in India: Challenges, Efforts, and Recommendations

Mohan, Anmol; Wara, Um Ul; Amjad, Syeda Wania; Rackimuthu, Sudhan; Hunain, Reem; Khan, Hiba; Costa, Ana Carla dos Santos; Ahmad, Shoaib; Essar, Mohammad Yasir

doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100867

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The reason may also be due to underreporting during Covid-19 pandemic. Similar findings were also seen in Mohan et al 14 Maximum number of malaria cases were from tribal population. In 2016, 65.50%, in 2017-78%, in 2018 -87.50%, 2019 -87.40% and in 2020 -100%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Burden of Malaria in Dumka District of Jharkhand, India

Oraon¹,

Topno²

2022

Int J Res Rev

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Malaria is a major public health problem in India particularly in states having tribal population. Jharkhand state consisted 7% of total malaria cases in India. The objective of this analysis was to find out the burden of malaria in Dumka District, Jharkhand. Method –It was conducted in 10 Blocks of District Dumka, Jharkhand. Convenience sampling technique was used in this study. Data analysis was done from the line-list of District Vector Borne Disease Control Office, Dumka from the year 2016-2020. This was a cross-sectional study. Result – Gradual decline in number of malaria cases was observed during the study period. But a sharp decline in cases were seen in the year 2020 i.e. during Covid-19 pandemic. Male cases were more predominant. Majority of the affected population were tribal in origin. Maximum number of Malaria cases were observed in Blocks like Masalia, Gopikandar and Kathikund. Conclusion- Our analysis showed annual reduction of Malaria cases. Thus existing control programmes can further reduce Malaria burden in Dumka District. Consistent and vigilant surveillance is required. Keywords: Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, tribal malaria, Jharkhand, India.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Burden of Malaria in Dumka District of Jharkhand, India

Oraon¹,

Topno²

2022

Int J Res Rev

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“…A declining trend was noted in Balaghat district, which was interrupted with an exponential increase in the year 2020. This increase in malaria cases was an expected outcome amidst the disruption of services due to the COVID-19 pandemic [ 27 ]. It should be noted that Mandla was able to preserve its gains during the pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the model malaria elimination strategy in Mandla district along with its neighbouring districts: a time series analysis from 2008 to 2020

Singh¹,

Rajvanshi²,

Bharti

et al. 2023

Malar J

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Background Compared to 2017, India achieved a significant reduction in malaria cases in 2020. Madhya Pradesh (MP) is a tribal dominated state of India with history of high malaria burden in some districts. District Mandla of MP state showed a considerable decline in malaria cases between 2000 and 2013, except in 2007. Subsequently, a resurgence of malaria cases was observed during 2014 and 2015. The Malaria Elimination Demonstration Project (MEDP) was launched in 2017 in Mandla with the goal to achieve zero indigenous malaria cases. This project used: (1) active surveillance and case management using T4 (Track fever, Test fever, Treat patient, and Track patient); (2) vector control using indoor residual sprays and long-lasting insecticidal nets; (3) information education communication and behaviour change communication; and (4) regular monitoring and evaluation with an emphasis on operational and management accountability. This study has investigated malaria prevalence trends from 2008 to 2020, and has predicted trends for the next 5 years for Mandla and its bordering districts. Methods The malaria prevalence data of the district Mandla for the period of January 2008 to August 2017 was obtained from District Malaria Office (DMO) Mandla and data for the period of September 2017 to December 2020 was taken from MEDP data repository. Further, the malaria prevalence data for the period of January 2008 to December 2020 was collected from DMOs of the neighbouring districts of Mandla. A univariate time series and forecast analysis was performed using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model. Findings Malaria prevalence in Mandla showed a sharp decline [− 87% (95% CI − 90%, − 84%)] from 2017 to 2020. The malaria forecast for Mandla predicts zero cases in the next 5 years (2021–2025), provided current interventions are sustained. By contrast, the model has forecasted a risk of resurgence of malaria in other districts in MP (Balaghat, Dindori, Jabalpur, Seoni, and Kawardha) that were not the part of MEDP. Conclusion The interventions deployed as part of MEDP have resulted in a sustainable zero indigenous malaria cases in Mandla. Use of similar strategies in neighbouring and other malaria-endemic districts in India could achieve similar results. However, without adding extra cost to the existing intervention, sincere efforts are needed to sustain these interventions and their impact using accountability framework, data transparency, and programme ownership from state to district level.

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“…However, the global pandemic COVID-19 might have had an influence in the decline in the number of malaria cases in the year 2020. This could be due to lower vector transmission as a result of social distancing and lockdown or due to underreporting amidst the COVID-19 pandemic ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Epidemiological Indicators for Evaluation of National Malaria Elimination Programme: A Retrospective Study

Hima Sree Polisetti,

K R Vinay Rajan,

K Eswar Kumar

2023

Ethiop J Health Sci

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BACKGROUND: Malaria has been one of India's most considerable health problems since 1940. The objective of our study is to determine the status of the National Malaria Elimination Programme in India by using epidemiological indicators. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The annual reports of malaria for the years 2014-2021 and monthly reports for 2020 and 2021 were collected from the official web portal and were analysed for study specific assessments. RESULTS: The API has shown a statistically significant reduction from 2017-2021 in all states along with category-1(P=0.003) and category-2(P=0.029) states/UTs, but there was no statistically significant reduction from 2017-2021 in category-3 (P=0.166) states/UTs. The zero indigenous cases had not been achieved in category-1 states/UTs. The overall percentage reduction in number of malaria cases in 2020 at the national level compared with 2014 was 83.6%. Despite states with strong health systems such as Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka, have not shown zero indigenous cases in 2020 and the malaria cases noted were very far from reaching the targets. CONCLUSIONS: Although we observed a significant drop in malaria incidence from 2014 to 2020, demonstrating that the country is moving nearer to malaria elimination, it is crucial to implement the strategies to reduce Plasmodium falciparum% and re-establish surveillance programmes and execute national and state programmes in order to achieve the success of the National Malaria Elimination Programme. The recategorization of states/UTs are in accordance to the API, and implementation strategies were also needed.

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Malaria amidst COVID-19 in India: Challenges, Efforts, and Recommendations

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Burden of Malaria in Dumka District of Jharkhand, India

Burden of Malaria in Dumka District of Jharkhand, India

Evaluation of the model malaria elimination strategy in Mandla district along with its neighbouring districts: a time series analysis from 2008 to 2020

Assessment of Epidemiological Indicators for Evaluation of National Malaria Elimination Programme: A Retrospective Study

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