Make erosion mechanism of Ag/CdO and Ag/SnO/sub 2/ contacts

Rieder, W.; Weichsler, V.

doi:10.1109/33.148500

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is more appropriate for assessing the interface wettability, as performed in sessile-drop wetting tests [36,37]. A low wettability between oxides and Ag may induce strong aggregation of oxide particles in the molten region of the Ag matrix during its service, leading to an irreversible increase of contact resistance and hence severe performance degradation of the composite [19][20][21]. Thus, interface fracture strength and wettability are both critical for the performance of the composites, and must be evaluated appropriately.…”

Section: Relaxed Interface Structure and Adhesion Propertymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This strategy is demonstrated for a technologically important Ag(SnO 2 ) p composite developed by internal oxidation process. The Ag(SnO 2 ) p composite is among the most promising materials for electrical contact applications, due to its high level of chemical stability, erosion and welding resistance, and as well better environmental compatibility than Ag(CdO) p [19][20][21][22]. Although some efforts [23][24][25] have been recently made to alloying the composite with third-party elements (such as indium) for enhanced electrical contact performance, the in situ formation of the internal Ag/SnO 2 interface and its intrinsic properties have never been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interface-level thermodynamic stability diagram for in situ internal oxidation of Ag(SnO2)p composites

Jiang

et al. 2014

J Mater Sci

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We present a combined experimental and theoretical study on interfacial structure and thermodynamics in internally oxidized Ag(SnO 2 ) p composites. The orientation relation between in situ formed SnO 2 particles and the silver matrix was characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques. First-principles energetic calculations were then performed to predict the equilibrium interface structures and corresponding adhesion properties as functions of temperature and oxygen partial pressure. All results were combined to construct the interface-level thermodynamic stability diagram, for guiding the optimal design of internal oxidation parameters.

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Section: Relaxed Interface Structure and Adhesion Propertymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface-level thermodynamic stability diagram for in situ internal oxidation of Ag(SnO2)p composites

Jiang

et al. 2014

J Mater Sci

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“…In Refs. [10,11], researchers carried out experiments on contacts making erosion but mainly focused on a low-voltage contactor. Almost all of the literature mentioned are studies of breaking erosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion of Cu–W contact material of SF₆ circuit breakers when making capacitor bank

Ding

Fang

2019

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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For an SF 6 circuit breaker in capacitor bank-making operation, the inrush current may cause serious erosion to its arcing contacts. In order to observe the characteristics of this erosion, an arc extinguish chamber of SF 6 circuit breaker with Cu-W arcing contacts was designed, and experiments of capacitor bank making were carried out. The prebreakdown arcing duration and inrush current were measured, and the mass loss of the contact after 100 times of operation was calculated. Power-frequency-withstanding voltage was measured after every 20 operations. The surface status, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of the contact material were recorded. The characteristics and mechanism of arcing contact erosion in SF 6 circuit breaker in the making process were then analyzed. Compared to the case of breaking high current, this analysis found two major mechanisms that lead to severe arcing contact erosion in the case of capacitor bank making operation, namely, the arc erosion due to prebreakdown current and the erosion of arc heated contact due to friction. The erosion after contact caused by mechanical friction occupies a relatively larger proportion in the mass loss of contact materials. Under the conditions of 3 m/s making velocity, 18 kA current peak, and less than 2 ms arcing duration, the mechanical wear mass loss rate is greater than 1.0 mg/C.

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Sticking trouble rate on Cd‐added Ag‐based contacts

Kubono

1995

Electron Comm Jpn Pt II

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Because the Ag‐oxide dispersed alloy‐type Ag/CdO electrical contact is supposed to have superior welding resistance, this type of contact has been used for circuit breakers designed for medium current. However, there has been no report made on the comparison between the sticking characteristics of Ag/CdO and Ag/Cd contact members. Contact members made of Ag, Ag/CdO 12 wt% and Ag/Cd 11 wt% were mounted in relays with a breaking force of 15 gf, and the ratio of sticking problems in each contact member was investigated during make‐and‐break operations of a dc 30V‐3Q resistive circuit. When the breakers were used for the make‐and‐break or break‐only operation, there was almost no sticking problem, regardless of contact material type. However, when the Ag/Cd contacts were used for make‐only operation, the sticking problem occurred in as much as 50 percent of the cases. When the Ag/CdO contacts were used for the make‐only operation, it was as high as 90 percent. When the Ag/Cd and Ag/CdO contact members were used for make‐only operation, a large pip and crater were observed on the surfaces of the electrode pairs. In addition to the experimental results described here, when the contact sticking occurred, the difference in the contact resistance values before and after the make‐only operation was evaluated. The main cause of the sticking problem was believed to be the locking between the pip and crater on the surfaces of the contact electrodes.

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Make erosion mechanism of Ag/CdO and Ag/SnO/sub 2/ contacts

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Interface-level thermodynamic stability diagram for in situ internal oxidation of Ag(SnO2)p composites

Interface-level thermodynamic stability diagram for in situ internal oxidation of Ag(SnO2)p composites

Erosion of Cu–W contact material of SF₆ circuit breakers when making capacitor bank

Sticking trouble rate on Cd‐added Ag‐based contacts

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Make erosion mechanism of Ag/CdO and Ag/SnO/sub 2/ contacts

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Interface-level thermodynamic stability diagram for in situ internal oxidation of Ag(SnO2)p composites

Interface-level thermodynamic stability diagram for in situ internal oxidation of Ag(SnO2)p composites

Erosion of Cu–W contact material of SF6 circuit breakers when making capacitor bank

Sticking trouble rate on Cd‐added Ag‐based contacts

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Product

Resources

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Erosion of Cu–W contact material of SF₆ circuit breakers when making capacitor bank