Majority Gate for Nanomagnetic Logic With Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy

Breitkreutz, Stephan; Kiermaier, Josef; Eichwald, Irina; Ju, Xueming; Csaba, G.; Schmitt‐Landsiedel, D.; Becherer, Markus

doi:10.1109/tmag.2012.2197184

Cited by 81 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The superposition of the input magnets' stray fields acts on the magnetic soft spot on the output magnet and determine the output magnet's state. 4 The output magnet changes it's state only at the presence of a clocking field and stray fields superposition of the inputs. An oscillating magnetic field, perpendicular to the magnets' surface acts as a clocking signal and provides the required energy for magnetic state reversal.…”

Section: Pnml Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fabricated and fully functional inverters, majority gates and a system based on interconnected basic devices was published in recent years. 4 E. g., the experimentally shown full adder requires just five nanomagnets 5 compared to several tens of transistors in CMOS technology. The 3D nature of stray magnetic fields also enables very dense 3D integration through stacking functional layers as shown experimentally for magnetic vias and a 3D majority gate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiment-based thermal micromagnetic simulations of the magnetization reversal for ns-range clocked nanomagnetic logic

et al. 2017

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Extensive thermal micromagnetic simulations, based on experimental data and parameters, were performed to investigate the magnetization reversal in Co/Pt nanomagnets with locally reduced perpendicular anisotropy on the nanosecond range. The simulations were supported by experimental data gained on manufactured Co/Pt nanomagnets, as used in nanomagnetic logic. It is known that magnetization reversal is governed by two mechanisms. At pulse lengths longer than 100 ns, thermal activation dominates the magnetization reversal processes and follows the common accepted Arrhenius law. For pulse lengths shorter than 100 ns, the dynamic reversal dominates. With the help of thermal micro-magnetic simulations we found out that the point where the both mechanisms meet is determined by the damping constant α of the multilayer film stack. The optimization of ferromagnetic multilayer film stacks enables higher clocking rates with lower power consumption and, therefore, further improve the performance of pNML.

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Section: Pnml Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiment-based thermal micromagnetic simulations of the magnetization reversal for ns-range clocked nanomagnetic logic

et al. 2017

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“…The most basic component is an inverter, which comprises two magnets. The majority gates realized in 2D planar technology 9 and 3D monolithic integrated majority gates 8 have been proven to be able to execute NAND or NOR logic operations depending on one programmable input state. Using the above described devices it becomes possible to implement every logical function.…”

Section: Principles Of Pnmlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the magnetization reversal of perpendicular Nanomagnetic Logic clocked in the ns-range

et al. 2016

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We have investigated the magnetization reversal of fabricated Co/Pt nanomagnets with perpendicular anisotropy within a wide range of magnetic field pulse widths. This experiment covers the pulse lengths from 700 ms to 20 ns. We observed that the commonly used Arrhenius model fits very well the experimental data with a single parameter set for pulse times above 100 ns (tp > 100 ns). However, below 100 ns (tp < 100 ns), a steep increase of the switching field amplitude is observed and the deviation from the Arrhenius model becomes unacceptable. For short pulse times the model can be adjusted by the reversal time term for the dynamic switching field which is only dependent on the pulse amplitude and not on temperature anymore. Precise modeling of the magnetization reversal in the sub-100 ns-range is crucially important to ensure reliable operation in the favored GHz-range as well as to explore and design new kinds of Nanomagnetic Logic circuits and architectures.

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“…It benefits from flexible geometries and shape independent anisotropy, which is tuned by focused ion beam (FIB) irradiation [5]. Therefore, so-called artificial nucleation centers (ANCs) are fabricated by partial FIB irradiation at user-defined positions and provide directed signal flow in chains [6][7][8] and gates [9] of field-coupled nanomagnets. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1-Bit Full Adder in Perpendicular Nanomagnetic Logic using a Novel 5-Input Majority Gate

Breitkreutz

Eichwald

Kiermaier

et al. 2014

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. In this paper, we show that perpendicular Nanomagnetic Logic (pNML) is particularly suitable to realize threshold logic gate (TLG)-based circuits. Exemplarily, a 1-bit full adder circuit using a novel 5-input majority gate based on TLGs is experimentally demonstrated. The theory of pNML and its extension by TLGs is introduced, illustrating the great benefit of pNML. Majority gates based on coupling field superposition enable weighting each input by its geometry and distance to the output. Only 5 magnets, combined in two logic gates with a footprint of 1.95 μm 2 and powered by a perpendicular clocking field, are required for operation. MFM and magneto-optical measurements demonstrate the functionality of the fabricated structure. Experimental results substantiate the feasibility and the benefits of the combination of threshold logic with pNML.

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Majority Gate for Nanomagnetic Logic With Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy

Cited by 81 publications

References 15 publications

Experiment-based thermal micromagnetic simulations of the magnetization reversal for ns-range clocked nanomagnetic logic

Experiment-based thermal micromagnetic simulations of the magnetization reversal for ns-range clocked nanomagnetic logic

Characterization of the magnetization reversal of perpendicular Nanomagnetic Logic clocked in the ns-range

1-Bit Full Adder in Perpendicular Nanomagnetic Logic using a Novel 5-Input Majority Gate

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