Major shifts in Amazon wildlife populations from recent intensification of floods and drought

Bodmer, Richard E.; Mayor, Pedro; Antúnez, Miguel; Chota, Kimberlyn; Fang, Tula; Puertas, Pablo; Pittet, Marlini; Kirkland, Maire; Walkey, Mike; Ríos, Claudia de los; Pérez-Peña, Pedro E.; Henderson, Peter; Bodmer, William; Bicerra, Andy; Zegarra, Joseph; Docherty, Emma

doi:10.1111/cobi.12993

Cited by 65 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Flooding effects on terrestrial wildlife vary according to flooding intensity, timing, and mobility of individual species, and are not strictly positive or negative. Direct effects are more likely detrimental, including mortality through drowning or increased vulnerability to predators, reduced reproductive success, and loss of forage resources (Bodmer 1990, MacDonald-Beyers and Labisky 2005, Bodmer et al 2018. Unflooded high ground provides critical escape shelter for smaller-bodied species, but even large-bodied species such as Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicomis) can suffer substantial mortality when it is unavailable (Choudhury 1998 Leopold 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal flooding effects on deer in the Mississippi river batture

et al. 2019

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Effective deer management requires managers to distinguish between the density‐dependent influence of harvest and local environmental factors. The Batture region of the Lower Mississippi River Valley comprises land adjacent to the river that is not protected by the levee system, and is therefore subject to seasonal flooding with potential to influence the morphology and demographics of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Using harvest records of 42,954 females and 3,588 males from 61 Batture properties in Mississippi and Louisiana, we created linear regression models of deer body development and recruitment indices to compare the influence of seasonal flooding, harvest rate, growing season weather, and agronomic forage availability during 1988–2016. Overall, deer in the Batture appeared to be more influenced by extrinsic factors than by harvest. Seasonal flooding appeared in every model and generally had stronger effects than weather or harvest variables. Flooding from 1 to 2 years prior, regardless of season, was correlated with greater female body mass, lactation rates, and antler mass of trophy males, possibly reflecting silt deposition effects on soil fertility and promotion of new understory forages. Conversely, current‐year flooding effects were invariably negative, implying direct effects of displacement. Summer flooding was concentrated during late gestation and peak parturition periods, and exhibited the potential to reduce fall lactation rates by 18%. Harvest rates correlated negatively with female body mass and had no correlation with lactation or antler mass. We detected contrasting long‐term trends of decreasing body mass and increasing harvest rate that may reflect deteriorating habitat. Similar to flooding, increased temperatures and rainfall had negative effects for the current year, whereas increased temperatures had positive effects when occurring in the previous year. Surprisingly, annual variation in the amount of soybeans planted appeared in one model only, exhibiting a small positive effect on antler mass. We hypothesize that extensive planting of soybeans in levee‐protected lands just outside the Batture maintained substantial soybean availability despite variation in the amount planted. Given the dominating influence of flooding and weather on deer physical and reproductive parameters in the Batture, these extrinsic variables should be incorporated into the interpretation of harvest data. The common practice of curtailing harvest, particularly female harvest, following years with extensive flooding is likely counterproductive unless intensive flooding occurs during summer. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal flooding effects on deer in the Mississippi river batture

et al. 2019

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“…La capacidad máxima de crecimiento poblacional de P. tajacu (0.68) es mayor a la de T. pecari (0.49) (Mayor et al, 2017). En términos de preferencia por los tipos de bosques, P. tajacu prefiere el bosque no inundable, mientras que T. pecari prefiere el bosque inundable, el cual se convierte en ambiente hostil para la fauna terrestre en temporada de inundación extrema o prolongada (Bodmer et al, 2015(Bodmer et al, , 2017. Al parecer P. tajacu tiene características ecológicas y reproductivas que favorecen una permanencia más estable en un bosque específico.…”

Section: Localidadesunclassified

“…Sin embargo, a pesar de la importancia de los pecaríes, se carece de la información poblacional actualizada en gran parte de la Amazonía peruana que ayude a evaluar el uso sostenible de ambas especies y a mejorar su conservación a largo plazo. En el norte de la Amazonía peruana, los escasos estudios poblacionales de pecaríes más recientes se restringen a aquellos realizados en los ríos Yaguasyacu (Puertas et al 2017), Samiria (Bodmer et al, 2017), Pucacuro, (Pérez Peña et al, 2016, Yavarí Mirín (Mayor et al, 2015), Tigre, Nanay, Itaya y Curaray (Aquino et al, 2014) en la región Loreto y en el río La Novia, en la región Ucayali (Taco Huallpa, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

ESTADO POBLACIONAL DEL SAJINO Pecari tajacu Y HUANGANA Tayassu pecari EN LA AMAZONÍA PERUANA

et al. 2018

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El sajino (Pecari tajacu) y la huangana (Tayassu pecari) son especies muy importantes como fuente de proteína y de ingresos económicos a nivel familiar, como elemento cultural y en general del buen vivir de las comunidades nativas. Apesar de su importancia, la escasa información de sus poblaciones en gran parte de la Amazonía peruana dificulta evaluar su uso sostenible como carne de monte o exportación de pieles. De esta forma, este estudio pretende evaluar las poblaciones de P. tajacu y T. pecari en las regiones de Loreto y Ucayali mediante el método de transectos en banda en 33 localidades y mediante el método de consenso cultural en 11 localidades. Los 14,220.5 km recorridos en transectos lineales mostraron que la densidad 2 poblacional de P. tajacu fue de 1.24 ind/km siendo registrado en 32 (96.9%) localidades, mientras que T. 2 pecari mostró una densidad de 1.59 ind/km y fue registrado en 16 (48.5%) localidades. Sólo la densidad de P. tajacu estuvo relacionada con el tamaño de grupo. Las 162 entrevistas realizadas en 11 comunidades mostraron que los cazadores locales percibieron al P. tajacu como abundante y al T. pecari como frecuente o abundante. Las densidades poblacionales de las dos especies de pecaríes fueron mayores en bosques no inundables o de tierra firme que en bosques inundables, presentando ambas especies una correlación positiva. De acuerdo a los métodos de estudio empleados, no hubo diferencias en el tamaño poblacional reportados para ambas especies, tanto dentro como fuera de las áreas naturales protegidas. Esto indica que las zonas fuera de las áreas naturales protegidas contienen altas densidades poblacionales, son de gran importancia para la conservación de los pecaríes y contribuyen a garantizar la seguridad alimentaria de las poblaciones humanas ribereñas y nativas.

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“…Fluvial ecosystems are highly dynamic and heterogeneous with a shifting fine-grained mosaic of environments. Organisms that inhabit these ecosystems must respond to continuous variations in their habitat because of fluctuations in water levels of associated rivers (Royan et al, 2015;Bodmer et al, 2018). Understanding the responses of organisms to constant fluctuations in their habitat can contribute to an understanding of the importance of environmental dynamic to the maintenance of the regional biodiversity of fluvial systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Despite their importance, studies about the relationships between bird assemblages and hydrological regimes of fluvial wetlands are still very scarce (e.g. Knutson & Klass, 1997;Kingsford et al, 2004;Cumming, Paxton, King & Beuster, 2012;Bodmer et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation of regional bird assemblages in highly dynamic fluvial wetlands: seasonality and influence of water level and habitat availability

Lorenzón

Beltzer

Olguín

et al. 2019

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Study of temporal variation of bird assemblages may be particularly important in highly dynamic ecosystems as fluvial wetlands to identify the factors that influence and contribute to the maintaining of regional diversity. We study temporal variation in regional bird species composition and richness and the factors that drive it in the fluvial system of the Paraná River in Argentina. We sampled birds on a regional scale by performing surveys during 2 years (2011-2013; 16 total surveys) at 60 sites located along the fluvial system. We recorded a total of 162 species and 12,738 individuals, with a mean of 72.7 ± 1.9 species and 796.1 ± 41 individuals per survey. Temporal beta diversity accounted for 57% of regional species richness. Bird composition varied seasonally because of the turnover (and not nestedness) of species between autumn-winter and spring-summer periods; migrant species contributed to but did not account for all these differences. Difference in bird composition between years was caused primarily by turnover of species within autumn-winter periods; that turnover was related to changes in water levels. Temporal variation in availability of habitats across the regional extent of the fluvial system accounted for the highest proportion of temporal beta diversity. Species richness did not vary seasonally nor was it related to fluctuations in water level or habitats. Our results showed that climatic seasonality and environmental dynamics of the fluvial system, as a function of water-level fluctuations and of variations in habitat availability, jointly influence regional composition of birds through temporal turnover of species. These variations in regional composition were not related to variations in regional species richness. These results show the importance of the natural dynamic of the fluvial system to conserve the processes that maintain the regional assemblage of birds.

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Major shifts in Amazon wildlife populations from recent intensification of floods and drought

Cited by 65 publications

References 29 publications

Seasonal flooding effects on deer in the Mississippi river batture

Seasonal flooding effects on deer in the Mississippi river batture

ESTADO POBLACIONAL DEL SAJINO Pecari tajacu Y HUANGANA Tayassu pecari EN LA AMAZONÍA PERUANA

Temporal variation of regional bird assemblages in highly dynamic fluvial wetlands: seasonality and influence of water level and habitat availability

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