Major Polyphenolics in Pineapple Peels and their Antioxidant Interactions

Abstract

Major polyphenolic compounds in pineapple peels were identified and quantified. The antioxidant capacities of pineapple peel extracts and these polyphenolic compounds were determined using DPPH q scavenging capacity and phosphomolybdenum method. Effects of these polyphenolics' interactions on their antioxidant capacity were also evaluated. Gallic acid (31.76 mg/100 g dry extracts), catechin (58.51 mg/100 g), epicatechin (50.00 mg/100 g), and ferulic acid (19.50 mg/100 g) were found to be the main polyphenolics in pineapple peels. The IC 50 for DPPH q scavenging assay of the extracts was 1.13 mg/ml and total antioxidant capacity was 0.037 g ascorbic acid equivalents/g. The order of DPPH q scavenging capacity of per mole of these polyphenolic compounds present in pineapple peels was gallic acid > epicatechin = catechin > ferulic acid, but it was different when using phosphomolybdenum method the order of which was epicatechin. > catechin > gallic acid = ferulic acid. Results of polyphenolics' interactions indicated no synergistic effects. In the combinations of ferulic acid-epicatechin and ferulic acid-gallic acid, additive effects were found using both antioxidant activity assays.

Polyphenols as active ingredients for cosmetic products

“…For example, in red grapes, catechin and epicatechin are located mostly in seeds; quercetin, rutin and resveratrol are found in grape skin extracts [25]. The major polyphenols identified in pineapple peels are gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin and ferrulic acid [19]. High phenolic contents in other industrial plant residues, for example pulp, seeds and peel of acerola, passion fruit and pineapple have been also reported [27].…”

“…Tropical fruits such as pineapple, passion fruit, acerola, pomegranate or mangosteen are also important sources of phenolic compounds, which are often concentrated in the peels as their function is the protection of the fruits against UV [19][20][21][22]. In particular, mangosteen has gained more and more attention in the last year as so-called super fruit; it has been used in Southeast Asia for centuries in the treatment of skin infections, mycosis, inflammation and other diseases.…”

Effects of thermal processing methods and simulated digestion on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of lotus leaves

“…Compared with the water extract group, SGF digestion significantly reduced the ABTS antioxidant capacity of lotus leaves, whereas SIF digestion had no significant effect on the ABTS antioxidant capacity. This finding suggests that pepsin and pancreatin have different effects on the active substance of lotus leaves and that there may also be an antagonistic effect between various phenolic compounds, thus affecting the antioxidant activity of lotus leaves (Li et al, ).…”

Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Bogor Pineapple (Ananas Comosus [L.] Merr. Var. Queen) Cultivated in West Java-Indonesia

“…Li et al [19] studied regarding major polyphenolic extract in Bali pineapple peel stated that methanol peel extract of Bali pineapple which was extracted by reflux method had IC 50 DPPH 1.13 mg/ml categorized as a weak antioxidant (IC 50 >150 µg/ml). It was different with the present study which demonstrated that ethanolic peel extract of Bogor pineapple showed IC 50 DPPH 0.13 µg/ml classified as a very strong antioxidant.…”

“…Previous research [19] showed that methanolic peel extract of Bali pineapple had TPC 0.798 g GAE/100 g dry weight or 0.148 g/100 g fresh weight. It was different from the present study which stated that TPC in ethanolic peel extract of Bogor pineapple 1.36 g GAE/100 g dry weight.…”