Major ion concentrations and the inorganic carbon chemistry of the Humber rivers

Jarvie, Helen P.; Neal, Colin; Leach, D.V.; Ryland, G.; House, William A.; Robson, A.

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(96)05371-5

Cited by 126 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In that particular case, the negative relationship with the drainage suggests that when retention times of waters in soils are high, water becomes more enriched in CO 2 . As reported by Jarvie et al [16], this soil source of CO 2 is probably enhanced by the intense agricultural land-use. By contrast, in the Garonne basin, Sehmi [25] reported that during low drainage periods, pCO 2 was lower because groundwaters were the major source of water to the river.…”

Section: Organic Carbon Oxygen Depletion and Excess Co 2 In The Fivesupporting

confidence: 61%

“…In pristine basins, soil respiration sometimes dominates [17] and sometimes not [11]. In polluted rivers, the contribution of aquatic respiration increases [16,21]. In our study site, oxygen depletion represented on average 30 % of the excess CO 2 in the Dender and 60 % in the Nete.…”

Section: Organic Carbon Oxygen Depletion and Excess Co 2 In The Fivementioning

confidence: 87%

“…Consequently, a fraction of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in rivers is present as 'excess CO 2 ', and can escape to the atmosphere due to physical water-air equilibration. This excess CO 2 results from: (1) input from surrounding areas, including soils [5,17], wetlands [15], intertidal marshes [9], and urban areas [16]; (2) production by heterotrophic organisms and assimilation by phytoplankton and periphyton [5,11,13,21]; and (3) evasion to the atmosphere that is determined by both the pCO 2 difference between the water and the atmosphere and the gas exchange coefficient K. Many different empirical relationships are used, giving the value of K as a function of either the river discharge [17,21], the current speed and water column depth [6], the wind speed [10] or the wind and current speeds. However, these studies all show that because of the turbulence of the water, gas exchange coefficients are higher in rivers and estuaries than in the ocean for the same wind speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excess atmospheric carbon dioxide transported by rivers into the Scheldt estuary

Abril

Etcheber

Borges

et al. 2000

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth

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-The transport of excess atmospheric CO 2 (defined as the fraction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) that can escape as CO 2 to the atmosphere due to water-air equilibration), by the five rivers entering the Scheldt estuary is investigated. Excess CO 2 originates from both respiration in the soil and the river and represents 10 % of the DIC and 6 % of the total carbon input into the estuary. The ventilation of this CO 2 in the estuary is however a minor contribution (10 %) to the total estuarine emission to the atmosphere, compared to heterotrophic activity and acidification due to nitrification within the estuarine zone. © 2000 Académie des sciences / Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS carbon dioxide / respiration / soils / rivers / ventilation / estuaries Résumé -Excès de gaz carbonique atmosphérique apporté par les fleuves à l'estuaire de l'Escaut. L'apport d'excès de CO 2 (défini comme la fraction du carbone inorganique dissous (CID) qui peut s'échapper vers l'atmosphère par équilibration entre l'eau et l'air), par les cinq rivières alimentant l'estuaire de l'Escaut est étudié. L'excès de CO 2 , produit par la respiration dans les sols et les rivières, représente 10 % du CID et 6 % des apports totaux de carbone à l'estuaire. La ventilation de ce CO 2 dans l'estuaire ne représente cependant qu'une faible part (10 %) de l'émission totale de CO 2 vers l'atmosphère par l'estuaire, en comparaison avec l'activité hétérotrophe et avec l'acidification due à la nitrification. © 2000 Académie des sciences / Éditions scientifiques et médi-cales Elsevier SAS gaz carbonique / respiration / sols / rivières / ventilation / estuaires

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Section: Organic Carbon Oxygen Depletion and Excess Co 2 In The Fivesupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Organic Carbon Oxygen Depletion and Excess Co 2 In The Fivementioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Excess atmospheric carbon dioxide transported by rivers into the Scheldt estuary

Abril

Etcheber

Borges

et al. 2000

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth

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“…Chloride is commonly used as a tracer of sewage effluent, as (a) Cl -concentrations in wastewater are greatly elevated above background riverine/groundwater concentrations and (b) Cl -is chemically conservative and, unlike P, does not undergo significant uptake by sediments or biota 28,31,33,48 . Boron has also been widely used as a tracer of wastewater effluent and could be used as an alternative tracer 13,49,50 , but B was not routinely measured in the IRW.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-River Phosphorus Retention: Accounting for a Missing Piece in the Watershed Phosphorus Puzzle

Jarvie

Sharpley

Scott

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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100

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The NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. ABSTRACTThe prevailing 'puzzle' in watershed phosphorus (P) management is how to account for the nonconservative behavior (retention and remobilization) of P along the land-freshwater continuum. This often hinders our attempts to directly link watershed P sources with their water quality impacts. Here, we examine aspects of within-river retention of wastewater effluent P and its remobilization under high flows. Most source apportionment methods attribute P loads mobilized under high flows (including retained and remobilized effluent P) as non-point agricultural sources. We present a new simple empirical method which uses chloride as a conservative tracer of wastewater effluent, to quantify within-river retention of effluent P, and its contribution to river P loads, when remobilized under high flows. We demonstrate that within-river P retention can effectively mask the presence of effluent P inputs in the water quality record. Moreover, we highlight that by not accounting for the contributions of retained and remobilized effluent P to river storm-flow P loads, existing source apportionment methods may significantly over-estimate the non-point agricultural sources and under-estimate wastewater sources in mixed land-use watersheds. This has important implications for developing 2 effective watershed remediation strategies, where remediation needs to be equitably and accurately apportioned among point and non-point P contributors.

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“…The first is to increase discharge. Although bicarbonate and most major cations/anions dilute with increasing discharge 7,8 , the dilution factor in many watersheds, including the Mississippi River basin (MRB), is small, and the flux of bicarbonate increases at higher discharge 9 . The second way is to alter the relationship between discharge and carbon export, so that a higher carbon export is realized at the same discharge (Supplementary Information).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenically enhanced fluxes of water and carbon from the Mississippi River

Raymond

Turner

et al. 2008

Nature

521

384

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The water and dissolved inorganic carbon exported by rivers are important net fluxes that connect terrestrial and oceanic water and carbon reservoirs 1 . For most rivers, the majority of dissolved inorganic carbon is in the form of bicarbonate. The riverine bicarbonate flux originates mainly from the dissolution of rock minerals by soil water carbon dioxide, a process called chemical weathering, which controls the buffering capacity and mineral content of receiving streams and rivers 2 . Here we introduce an unprecedented high-temporal-resolution, 100-year data set from the Mississippi River and couple it with sub-watershed and precipitation data to reveal that the large increase in bicarbonate flux that has occurred over the past 50 years (ref.3) is clearly anthropogenically driven. We show that the increase in bicarbonate and water fluxes is caused mainly by an increase in discharge from agricultural watersheds that has not been balanced by a rise in precipitation, which is also relevant to nutrient and pesticide fluxes to the Gulf of Mexico. These findings demonstrate that alterations in chemical weathering are relevant to improving contemporary biogeochemical budgets. Furthermore, land use change and management were arguably more important than changes in climate and plant CO 2 fertilization to increases in riverine water and carbon export from this large region over the past 50 years.The riverine bicarbonate flux is a sink for atmospheric CO 2 and a small but important net flux in terrestrial systems. In the preindustrial era, chemical weathering of silicate versus carbonate minerals sequestered CO 2 for disparate timescales owing to carbonate deposition in the oceans, with silicate weathering sequestering atmospheric CO 2 for millions of years and carbonate weathering for only tens to hundreds of thousands of years 4 . Oceanic acidification 5 , however, has changed the solubility of CaCO 3 , and considerably lengthened the timescale for CO 2 sequestration by carbonate weathering. Although the positive feedbacks between global change and chemical weathering are used in geochemical models of atmospheric CO 2 (ref. 6), these feedbacks are believed to operate on long timescales and are therefore generally left out of the current discussion on human alterations of the carbon budget. Current global carbon budgets, for example, assume that pre-and post-anthropogenic riverine carbon fluxes are equal 1 .

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Major ion concentrations and the inorganic carbon chemistry of the Humber rivers

Cited by 126 publications

References 24 publications

Excess atmospheric carbon dioxide transported by rivers into the Scheldt estuary

Excess atmospheric carbon dioxide transported by rivers into the Scheldt estuary

Within-River Phosphorus Retention: Accounting for a Missing Piece in the Watershed Phosphorus Puzzle

Anthropogenically enhanced fluxes of water and carbon from the Mississippi River

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