Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in Fish

Edholm, Eva Stina; Pasquier, Louis Du; Wiegertjes, G.F.; Boudinot, Pierre

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85420-1_11

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…2 ). This linkage was lost in teleost fish where MHC-I and MHC-II genes are located on different chromosomes (reviewed in Edholm et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ancestral Major Histocompatibility Complex Organization in Cartilaginous Fish: Reconstructing MHC Origin and Evolution

Veríssimo,

Castro,

Muñoz-Mérida

et al. 2023

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays, and chimeras) comprise the oldest living jawed vertebrates with a mammalian-like adaptive immune system based on immunoglobulins (Ig), T-cell receptors (TCRs), and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Here, we show that the cartilaginous fish “adaptive MHC” is highly regimented and compact, containing (i) a classical MHC class Ia (MHC-Ia) region containing antigen processing (antigen peptide transporters and immunoproteasome) and presenting (MHC-Ia) genes, (ii) an MHC class II (MHC-II) region (with alpha and beta genes) with linkage to beta-2-microglobulin (β2m) and bromodomain-containing 2, (iii) nonclassical MHC class Ib (MHC-Ib) regions with 450 million-year-old lineages, and (iv) a complement C4 associated with the MHC-Ia region. No MHC-Ib genes were found outside of the elasmobranch MHC. Our data suggest that both MHC-I and MHC-II genes arose after the second round of whole-genome duplication (2R) on a human chromosome (huchr) 6 precursor. Further analysis of MHC paralogous regions across early branching taxa from all jawed vertebrate lineages revealed that Ig/TCR genes likely arose on a precursor of the huchr9/12/14 MHC paralog. The β2m gene is linked to the Ig/TCR genes in some vertebrates suggesting that it was present at 1R, perhaps as the donor of C1 domain to the primordial MHC gene. In sum, extant cartilaginous fish exhibit a conserved and prototypical MHC genomic organization with features found in various vertebrates, reflecting the ancestral arrangement for the jawed vertebrates.

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“…2 ). This linkage was lost in teleost fish where MHC-I and MHC-II genes are located on different chromosomes (reviewed in Edholm et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ancestral Major Histocompatibility Complex Organization in Cartilaginous Fish: Reconstructing MHC Origin and Evolution

Veríssimo,

Castro,

Muñoz-Mérida

et al. 2023

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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“…MHC has been characterized in a great variety of taxa (fish (Edholm, Pasquier, Wiegertjes, & Boudinot, 2022); primate, (Heijmans, de Groot, & Bontrop, 2020); ungulates, (Ivy-Israel, Moore, Schwartz, & Ditchkoff, 2020); and reptiles, (Reed & Settlage, 2021), including many amphibian species (Cortázar-Chinarro et al, 2017); (Kiemnec-Tyburczy, Richmond, Savage, Lips, & Zamudio, 2012); (Palomar et al, 2021); (Talarico, Babik, Marta, Pietrocini, & Mattoccia, 2019). (Babik, Pabijan, & Radwan, 2008) have previously characterized MHC II in I.alpestris from the South of Poland, showing relatively high genetic variation and a maximum of nine alleles per individual, implying the existence of at least five loci in this species in Eastern Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Major Histocompatibility Complex modulatesBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisandRanavirusinfections in three amphibian species

Cortázar-Chinarro

Richter‐Boix

Halvarsson

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Genetic variation of immune genes is an important component of genetic diversity. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes have been put forward as a model for studying how genetic diversity is maintained and geographically distributed in wild populations. Pathogen-mediated selection processes (i.e., heterozygosity advantage, rare-allele advantage or fluctuating selection) and demography are believed to generate and maintain the extreme diversity of MHC genes observed. However, establishing the relative importance of the different proposed mechanisms has proved extremely difficult, but heterozygote advantage is expected to be more detectable when multiple pathogens are considered simultaneously. Here, we test whether MHC diversity in three amphibian species (Ichthyosaura alpestris, Pleurodeles waltl, and Pelophylax perezi) is driven by pathogen-mediated selection. We examined the relationship between the individual MHC class II exon variability with individual infection status (infected or not), infection intensity, and co-infection of two main amphibian pathogens: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Ranavirus sp. (Rv). We found higher MHC class II exon 2 allelic diversity in I.alpestris and P. perezi than in P.waltl but no significant differences in allele frequencies between infection groups. We also observed significant differences in Bd infection intensity between Bd infected individuals and co-infected individuals depending on the number of MHC loci that an individual carries. For I. alpestris, we show stronger evidence for MHC associations with infection intensity and status when individuals carry specific alleles and supertypes. Our results suggest that studying the association between MHC genes and single and co-infected individuals might provide new insights into host-parasite evolution and a better understanding of evolutionary mechanisms driven by MHC diversity.

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“…In our study, genes related to B and T cell functions, including bcr, cd22, cd69, cd79b, cd48, cd55, cd209, cd276 and cd33, were signi cantly down-regulated after hypoxia, suggesting that the adaptive immunity was inhibited by CIH exposure. Moreover, antigen presentation to immune cells is highly dependent on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins (Kotsias et al, 2019), which were involved in several major immunological functions (Edholm et al, 2022). Down-regulation of mhc1 and mhcii could potentially slow down the processing and presention of antigens.…”

Section: Immune Response To Hypoxia Challenge In Gillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of acclimation to chronic intermittent hypoxia in the gills of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Liu,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Anthropogenically induced hypoxia in water bodies has been a stressor for fish for many years and is expected to persist in the future. In order to investigate the acclimation response of fish gills to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) stress, we conducted a study using largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to intermittent hypoxia (dissolved oxygen level: 2.0 mg·L− 1) for either one or three hours per day, over a period of 8 weeks. Our findings indicate that exposure to CIH induced remodeling of the gills and an increase in gill surface area. We also observed significant up-regulation of genes related to glycolysis (fba, pgam1, pepck, atp-pfk, pfk-2, g6pi, gapd-1, and pk), while genes associated with cholesterol synthesis (3β-hsd, cyp51, dsdr-x1, dsdr, and dhcr7) were down-regulated following CIH exposure. Furthermore, we observed the presence of elongated megamitochondria in mitochondria-rich cells within the gills of fish exposed to hypoxia. Additionally, numerous genes involved in calcium signaling pathways were up-regulated in the gills of largemouth bass, suggesting an enhanced sensitivity of gills to environmental cues in hypoxia conditions. However, the expression levels of certain genes related to innate and adaptive immune responses were inhibited following CIH exposure. Moreover, the number of mucous cells decreased, potentially making the gills more susceptible to pathogen infections. These findings highlight the potential vulnerability of gills to pathogenic organisms in the presence of CIH. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of how fish acclimate to CIH.

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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in Fish

Cited by 4 publications

References 142 publications

An Ancestral Major Histocompatibility Complex Organization in Cartilaginous Fish: Reconstructing MHC Origin and Evolution

An Ancestral Major Histocompatibility Complex Organization in Cartilaginous Fish: Reconstructing MHC Origin and Evolution

The Major Histocompatibility Complex modulatesBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisandRanavirusinfections in three amphibian species

Mechanisms of acclimation to chronic intermittent hypoxia in the gills of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

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