Major depressive disorder in Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study from Sri Lanka

Abstract

BackgroundDepression is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and has a significant impact on the functional level of those affected. It is well studied in Western populations but data from Asia is limited. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of depression among PD patients attending a tertiary care outpatient clinic in Sri Lanka and identify potential risk factors.MethodsOne hundred and four consecutive idiopathic PD patients as defined by the United Kingdom Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank Diagnostic Criteria were recruited to the study. An interviewer administered questionnaire, the Hoehn-Yahr staging scale and the Schwab-England Activities of Daily Living Scale (SEADL) were used for assessment. Depression was diagnosed through a semi-structured clinical interview based on DSM-IV-TR criteria and all subjects were rated with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).ResultsThe prevalence of depression in the study population was 37.5%. Among the depressed 12 (30.8%) had mild depression, 21 (53.8%) moderate depression and 6 (15.4%) had severe depression. Depression was significantly associated with the stage of PD, functional impairment, civil status, educational level, caregiver dependence and concomitant diabetes mellitus.ConclusionA significant proportion of PD patients suffers from depression. The prevalence rate of depression in the sample was similar to that reported in previous studies. Depression in PD is significantly associated with functional impairment.

Depressive disorder in patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Colombo

“…The only community based study conducted in the Colombo District reported a lifetime depression prevalence of 6.6% rising to 11.2% if the functional impairment criterion was excluded [4]. Studies among clinical samples have reported high rates of depression of 27.9% among patients with chronic renal failure, and 37.9% among patients with Parkinson disease in Sri Lanka [6,7].…”

“…The likelihood of having depression in the presence of a chronic illness is significantly higher than in the absence of a chronic medical illness. High prevalence of depression have been reported in patients with Parkinson disease (37.5%), chronic renal failure (27.9%), and in elderly patients in a medical ward in Sri Lanka [6][7][8].…”

Neuropsychological pattern of Parkinson's disease

“…), что затрудняет ее диаг-ностику [6]. У большинства пациентов выявляются легкие и уме-ренные депрессивные расстройства, гораздо реже -тяжелая депрессия [10,11]. По данным T. Ketharanathan и соавт.…”

“…По данным T. Ketharanathan и соавт. [11], частота депрессии ассоциируется с семейным статусом (наиболее часто выявляется у разведенных), уровнем обра-зования (лица с высшим образованием реже страдают де-прессивными расстройствами), со стадией болезни по шка-ле Хен и Яра (выявляется у 8,3% пациентов с I-II стадиями, у 49,1% с III стадией, у 40% с IV-V стадиями). В нашем ис-следовании не отмечено статистически значимой корреля-ции между депрессией и возрастом начала болезни, продол-жительностью заболевания, суточной дозой противопар-кинсонических препаратов и гендерной принадлежностью.…”

Undiagnosed depression among older adults living in a semi urban community in Southern Sri Lanka

“…A study on outdoor patients presented to the same hospital showed the prevalence of depression as 22.4% (12) However, in this study, the rate of prevalence was lower in older age group (above 61 years) compared to their younger counterparts (aged below 30 years). Other studies have also reported high prevalence of depression in patients with chronic illnesses (13,14). Two community studies in Sri Lankan involving older adults report high prevalence of depression; one study which included predominantly a Sinhalese subjects has reported the prevalence rate of 27.8% (15) while the other study which included all three major ethnic groups reported the rate of 31.8% (16).…”