Major biotic maize production stresses in Ethiopia and their management through host resistance

Keno, Tolera; Azmach, Girum; Wegary, Dagne; Worku, Mosisa; Tadesse, Berhanu; Wolde, Legesse; Deressa, Temesgen; Abebe, Beyene; Chibsa, Temesgen; Suresh, L. M.

doi:10.5897/ajar2018.13163

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Despite the importance of the crop for national food security and as a source of income, the national average yield is 3.6 ton ha −1 which is low compared to the world average of 5.6 ton ha −1 [5]. The low national average yield of the crop is attributed to biotic and abiotic stresses, poor management and low use of inputs [6,7]. Among abiotic stresses, climate change in terms of increasing temperature, decreasing rainfall, and variability were found to have a great impact on maize production [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Change and Adaptation Practices for Maize Production in Eastern Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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Climate change and variability is affecting maize (Zea mays L.) production in eastern Ethiopia but how farmers perceive the challenge and respond to it is not well documented. A study was conducted to analyze smallholder maize farmers’ perception of climate change/variability and identify their adaptation approaches and barriers for adaptation in the eastern highlands of Ethiopia. Meteorological data were assessed to provide evidence of the perceived change. A survey was conducted in six major maize-producing kebeles with a total of 364 respondents. A multi-stage sampling method was employed for selecting the sample units for the study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a multinomial logit model. The results indicated that 78% of the sampled smallholder maize farmers perceived increasing temperatures while 83% perceived decreasing amounts of rainfall. About 75% of the farmers indicated that they became aware of climate change and variability from their own experience and perceived deforestation as the main cause. The farmers perceived that drought, diseases and pests, dwindling soil fertility, and declining crop yields were the major impacts of climate change that affected maize production. The farmers’ major adaptation practices include adjusting planting dates, using improved maize varieties, intercropping, recommended mineral fertilizers, supplementary irrigation, and soil and water conservation measures. Econometric analysis revealed that low educational level, shortage of land, large family sizes, age, lack of access to irrigation water, lack of access to credit, and lack of access to extension services were the most important barriers to climate change adaptation in the area. It is concluded that farmers cultivating maize in the study area have perceived climate change and use certain adaptation strategies to counter its negative impacts on maize production. This implies that policies should be geared towards strengthening farmers’ efforts to adapt to climate change and alleviate the existing barriers in promoting adaptation strategies for enhancing the productivity of maize.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Change and Adaptation Practices for Maize Production in Eastern Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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“…Reports by Gidi (2023) and Keno et al (2018) indicated that integrated disease management has clearly demonstrated moderate levels of HPR when combined with field treatment and affordable levels of chemical control, and expected yields and economic returns are higher than those obtained from chemical control of susceptible genotypes. The present experiment also revealed that maize varieties sprayed with Mancozeb combined with host resistance significantly reduced the incidence, severity, progression rate, and AUDPC of CLR disease compared to the control plot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dependence decreases as grain approaches maturity. Keno et al (2018) reported that in Ethiopia, inbred lines BH546, BH547, and BH661 were identified to possess genes resistant to foliar diseases, including gray leaf spot disease and TLB. Similarly, four maize genetically similar lines were discovered as potential sources of resistance to gray leaf spot disease in Ethiopia, which could be beneficial to farmers and breeding programs (Bekeko et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemic development and management of common leaf rust (Puccinia sorghi Schwein) and turcicum leaf blight [Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.)] of maize (Zea mays L.) in eastern Ethiopia

Mohammed,

Bekeko,

Tesso

2023

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Maize production and productivity are affected by biotic and abiotic factors. Among the biotic factors, fungal diseases incited by common leaf rust (CLR) and turciccum leaf blight (TLB) are the most important foliar diseases of the crop in Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted at Haramaya University, research station “Raare,” during the 2019/2020 main cropping season. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of host resistance and fungicide application on the epidemic development of CLR and TLB, yield and yield components of maize, and the management of these foliar diseases. Four maize varieties (Afranqalloo, Bate, Gibee‐3, and Raare‐1) and Mancozeb at four different rates (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 kg ha−1) were evaluated under field conditions against the diseases. The treatments were laid out in a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. All disease and agronomic data were collected during the experimental season. The results from analysis of variance showed that the combination of the variety Bate with Mancozeb at a rate of 4.5 kg ha−1 proved to be the best treatment combination for managing both diseases. Similarly, Mancozeb at a rate of 4.5 kg ha−1 resulted in the lowest CLR and TLB disease incidence and severity (60.4% and 21.0%; 63.7% and 41.78%), respectively. Likewise, the highest grain yield (8392 kg ha−1) and thousand kernel weights of 529 g and the lowest epidemic development were recorded from the variety Bate treated with 4.5 kg ha−1 Mancozeb. The result also revealed that the integration of host resistance (the variety Bate) with 4.5 kg ha−1 Mancozeb was the most effective treatment in reducing CLR and TLB epidemic development and in increasing the grain yield of maize. The economic analysis also showed the presence of the highest marginal rate of return from the Bate variety treated with 4.5 kg ha−1 Mancozeb compared to other treatment combinations. Thus, it is concluded that the variety Bate treated with 4.5 kg ha−1 Mancozeb can be used to improve maize production and productivity in the study area and elsewhere with similar agroecologies.

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“…Meteorological data show that Ethiopia has experienced increasing temperatures over the past 38 years (Belay et al, 2021). These changes are compromising production of cereal crops, and maize is among those most affected (Keno et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Output Supply Response to Climatic and other Input Variables in Ethiopia

Tirfi

Oyekale

2021

5005

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Climate change is among the major challenges to sustainable agricultural production in Ethiopia. Production of cereal crops, especially maize, is very responsive to changes in rainfall and temperature, as climatic parameters influencing productivity. This paper analyzes how climatic and other variables affect the supply of maize in Ethiopia. The data were obtained from secondary sources and cover the period 1981–2018. Data were analyzed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC), and Hannan-Quinn Information Criterion (HQ) were used to select the optimum number of lags. In order to detect whether unit root is present in the series, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Philips-Perron (PP) tests were carried out. The presence of long-run equilibrium was found between maize output and temperature, rainfall, and other included variables. The results show that, in both the long and shortrun, all included climatic variables had a negative relationship with maize output supply, although temperature showed statistical insignificance (P>0.10). The result showed that maize crops are highly sensitive to extremes of rainfall – both shortage in the initial growing period and excessin the vegetative and fruiting stages. It was concluded that farmers face climate-related risk due to variations, particularly in rainfall. Therefore, farmers should adapt by using short-duration and climate-tolerant varieties of maize, along with engagement with eco-friendly production systems.

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Major biotic maize production stresses in Ethiopia and their management through host resistance

Cited by 21 publications

References 72 publications

Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Change and Adaptation Practices for Maize Production in Eastern Ethiopia

Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Change and Adaptation Practices for Maize Production in Eastern Ethiopia

Epidemic development and management of common leaf rust (Puccinia sorghi Schwein) and turcicum leaf blight [Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.)] of maize (Zea mays L.) in eastern Ethiopia

Maize Output Supply Response to Climatic and other Input Variables in Ethiopia

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