Major advance of South Georgia glaciers during the Antarctic Cold Reversal following extensive sub-Antarctic glaciation

Graham, Alastair G C; Kuhn, Gerhard; Meisel, Ove H.; Hillenbrand, Claus‐Dieter; Hodgson, Dominic A.; Ehrmann, Werner; Wacker, Lukas; Wintersteller, Paul; Ferreira, Christian dos Santos; Römer, Miriam; White, Duanne; Bohrmann, Gerhard

doi:10.1038/ncomms14798

Cited by 39 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(129 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hodgson et al (2014) document a partially preserved moraine in the outer basin of Cumberland West Bay (Figure 2A). This moraine is associated to the Antarctic Cold Reversal advance on South Georgia by Graham et al (2017) who dated the transition from subglacial to ice-proximal sediments in a core taken through the equivalent moraine in Cumberland East Bay to 13,340 cal BP. Another date from the same sediment core suggests nearby glacier sources at the outer basin moraine until c. 10,600 cal BP (Graham et al, 2017).…”

Section: Holocene Glacier Variability In Olsen Valleymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This moraine is associated to the Antarctic Cold Reversal advance on South Georgia by Graham et al (2017) who dated the transition from subglacial to ice-proximal sediments in a core taken through the equivalent moraine in Cumberland East Bay to 13,340 cal BP. Another date from the same sediment core suggests nearby glacier sources at the outer basin moraine until c. 10,600 cal BP (Graham et al, 2017). Based on the above dates, we suggest that OM2 and OM3 were deposited between c. 10,600 and 9900 ± 250 cal BP.…”

Section: Holocene Glacier Variability In Olsen Valleymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FIGURE 2 | (A) Overview map of the Cumberland West Bay and Husvik Bay area indicating the studied catchment (orange), Diamond glacier (white), and Diamond lake (blue), as well as the Neumayer Glacier with four historical glacier front positions after SGGIS (2017), and the Antarctic Cold Reversal moraine (magenta) after Hodgson et al (2014); Graham et al (2017). (B) Simplified geomorphological map of Olsen Valley showing the cirque glacier (white), lake (blue), and bog (green) as well as the DB2 coring location (green star), mapped marginal moraines (pink) and the main stream (blue).…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cirque Glacier on South Georgia Shows Centennial Variability over the Last 7000 Years

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Holocene Glacier Variability In Olsen Valleymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Holocene Glacier Variability In Olsen Valleymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cirque Glacier on South Georgia Shows Centennial Variability over the Last 7000 Years

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Mount Paget, Mount Patterson), which form a physical orographic barrier. South Georgia has a maritime climate which is dominated by its proximity to the Antarctic Polar Front and the strong westerly winds (and associated moisture flux) that strike the island (Graham et al 2017). On the north-east coast, the annual mean temperature and precipitation are 2.0°C and 1590 mm, respectively (Bannister and King 2019), with strong winds (in excess of 30 ms −1 ) reported at King Edward Point Research Station.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed quantification of glacier elevation and mass changes in South Georgia

Farías-Barahona

Sommer

Sauter

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most glaciers in South America and on the Antarctic Peninsula are retreating and thinning. They are considered strong contributors to global sea level rise. However, there is a lack of glacier mass balance studies in other areas of the Southern Hemisphere, such as the surrounding Antarctic Islands. Here, we present a detailed quantification of the 21st century glacier elevation and mass changes for the entire South Georgia Island using bi-static synthetic aperture radar interferometry between 2000 and 2013. The results suggest a significant mass loss since the beginning of the present century. We calculate an average glacier mass balance of −1.04±0.09 m w.e.a −1 and a mass loss rate of 2.28±0.19 Gt a −1 (2000-2013), contributing 0.006±0.001 mm a −1 to sea-level rise. Additionally, we calculate a subaqueous mass loss of 0.77±0.04 Gt a −1 (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016), with an area change at the marine and lake-terminating glacier fronts of −6.58±0.33 km 2 a −1 , corresponding to ∼4% of the total glacier area. Overall, we observe negative mass balance rates in South Georgia, with the highest thinning and retreat rates at the large outlet glaciers located at the north-east coast. Although the spaceborne remote sensing dataset analysed in this research is a key contribution to better understanding of the glacier changes in South Georgia, more detailed field measurements, glacier dynamics studies or further long-term analysis with high-resolution regional climate models are required to precisely identify the forcing factors.

show abstract

“…As the ice retreats, it leaves behind glacial geomorphic features on the seafloor; these submarine landforms have been mapped in glaciated environments in Antarctica Wellner et al, 2001Wellner et al, , 2006Evans et al, 2004;Heroy and Anderson, 2005;Larter et al, 2009;Livingstone et al, 2013;Hodgson et al, 2014), southern Chile (Dowdeswell and Vasquez, 2013), North America , and northern Europe (Ottesen et al, 2005;Dowdeswell, 2006, 2009;Dowdeswell et al, 2010), giving insight into the glacial history of each region. Several seafloor features have been mapped west of the AP on the continental slope and continental shelf Graham and Smith, 2012;Gales et al, 2013), the South Shetland Islands (Milliken et al, 2009;Simms et al, 2011), South Georgia Island Graham et al, 2017), Bransfield Strait (Canals et al, 2000(Canals et al, , 2002, Gerlache Strait , south of Anvers Island (Domack et al, 2006), and Marguerite Bay (Ó Cofaigh et al, 2002;Anderson and Fretwell, 2008;Livingstone et al, 2013). However, the seafloor geomorphology in western AP bays has not been described in detail, except for a few locations (Garcia et al, 2016;Munoz and Wellner, 2016;Wölfl et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seafloor geomorphology of western Antarctic Peninsula bays: a signature of ice flow behaviour

Munoz

Wellner

2018

The Cryosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Glacial geomorphology is used in Antarctica to reconstruct ice advance during the Last Glacial Maximum and subsequent retreat across the continental shelf. Analogous geomorphic assemblages are found in glaciated fjords and are used to interpret the glacial history and glacial dynamics in those areas. In addition, understanding the distribution of submarine landforms in bays and the local controls exerted on ice flow can help improve numerical models by providing constraints through these drainage areas. We present multibeam swath bathymetry from several bays in the South Shetland Islands and the western Antarctic Peninsula. The submarine landforms are described and interpreted in detail. A schematic model was developed showing the features found in the bays: from glacial lineations and moraines in the inner bay to grounding zone wedges and drumlinoid features in the middle bay and streamlined features and meltwater channels in the outer bay areas. In addition, we analysed local variables in the bays and observed the following: (1) the number of landforms found in the bays scales to the size of the bay, but the geometry of the bays dictates the types of features that form; specifically, we observe a correlation between the bay width and the number of transverse features present in the bays. (2) The smaller seafloor features are present only in the smaller glacial systems, indicating that short-lived atmospheric and oceanographic fluctuations, responsible for the formation of these landforms, are only recorded in these smaller systems. (3) Meltwater channels are abundant on the seafloor, but some are subglacial, carved in bedrock, and some are modern erosional features, carved on soft sediment. Lastly, based on geomorphological evidence, we propose the features found in some of the proximal bay areas were formed during a recent glacial advance, likely the Little Ice Age.

show abstract

Major advance of South Georgia glaciers during the Antarctic Cold Reversal following extensive sub-Antarctic glaciation

Cited by 39 publications

References 83 publications

Cirque Glacier on South Georgia Shows Centennial Variability over the Last 7000 Years

Cirque Glacier on South Georgia Shows Centennial Variability over the Last 7000 Years

Detailed quantification of glacier elevation and mass changes in South Georgia

Seafloor geomorphology of western Antarctic Peninsula bays: a signature of ice flow behaviour

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About