Cirque Glacier on South Georgia Shows Centennial Variability over the Last 7000 Years

Oppedal, Lea Toska; Bakke, Jostein; Paasche, Øyvind; Werner, Johannes; Bilt, Willem van der

doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00002

Cited by 19 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…These trends are consistent with increased occurrence of low pressure over the Drake Passage, where southerly winds bring cold and dry continental air mass to the AP [4]. Furthermore, to the north on South Georgia, there is evidence of glacier advance over this time [47], suggesting that atmospheric circulation is primarily driving this cold period as the evidence exists on both sides of the Drake Passage.…”

Section: Cold and Dry Period At 1350-1100 Cal Yr Bp (600-850 Ad)supporting

confidence: 66%

“…Regionally, there was a positive temperature anomaly [46]. Furthermore, a warm shift was indicated at 1000-900 cal yr BP on South Georgia [47] (Figure 5), suggesting that atmospheric circulation at this period might have been dominated by the LAB.…”

Section: Brief Warming Interlude At 1100-900 Cal Yr Bp (850-1050 Ad)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Furthermore, the Antarctic Peninsula temperature anomaly record from an ice-core synthesis show a peak at 1600-1400 cal yr BP [46]. Glaciers were retreating on South Georgia Island at that time, suggesting warming beyond the eastern AP [47]. There is robust evidence that this wet and warm climate was widespread in the Southern Hemisphere ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Wet and Warm Period At 1750-1350 Cal Yr Bp (200-600 Ad)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There was a noted drop in SST of up to 6 • C [16], and both Barilari Bay [17] and Bigo Bay [18] showed a cold period at around 700 cal yr BP. There is evidence of glacier advance on South Georgia at 450 ± 200 cal yr BP [47], although van der Bilt et al [49] found glacier minimum ca. 550 with the Little Ice Age (LIA) occurring later at 300 cal yr BP.…”

Section: Cold and Wet Period At 900-500 Cal Yr Bp (1050-1450 Ad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional Climate Change Recorded in Moss Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes from a Late Holocene Peat Archive in the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Stelling

2019

Geosciences

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The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) climate is characterized by a high degree of variability, which poses a problem when attempting to put modern change in the context of natural variation. Therefore, novel methods are required to disentangle sometimes conflicting climate records from the region. In recent years, the development of Antarctic moss-cellulose isotopes as a proxy for summer terrestrial growing conditions has become more widespread, with the isotopes Δ13C and δ18O reflecting moss productivity and peatbank moisture conditions, respectively. Here, we used a combined Δ13C and δ18O isotope analysis of moss Chorisodontium aciphyllum cellulose from a peatbank located on Litchfield Island in the western AP to document changes in climate over the last 1700 years. High Δ13C values (>15‰) indicate warm and productive conditions on Litchfield Island from 1600 to 1350 cal yr BP (350 to 600 AD) and over the last 100 years. The δ18O record shows two distinct intervals of dry conditions at 1350–1000 cal yr BP (600–950 AD) and at 500–0 cal yr BP (1450–1950 AD). Our record indicates that terrestrial ecosystems in the AP have responded to regional climate driven by atmospheric circulation, such as the southern annular mode (SAM) and, to a lesser extent, changes in ocean circulation.

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Section: Cold and Dry Period At 1350-1100 Cal Yr Bp (600-850 Ad)supporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Brief Warming Interlude At 1100-900 Cal Yr Bp (850-1050 Ad)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Wet and Warm Period At 1750-1350 Cal Yr Bp (200-600 Ad)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Cold and Wet Period At 900-500 Cal Yr Bp (1050-1450 Ad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional Climate Change Recorded in Moss Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes from a Late Holocene Peat Archive in the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Stelling

2019

Geosciences

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“…The island was covered by an ice cap prior to c. 16 kyr before present (Barlow et al, 2016;White et al, 2018) and most terrestrial OM pre-dating glaciation may have been lost by glacial erosion. A relatively low F 14 C offset between LMW and HMW fatty acids in the early Holocene part of Co1305 (Figure 4 Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology offset between LMW and HMW FA was found for the period of advanced cirque glaciers in the catchment of the inlet between 7,200 and 4,800 yr BP (Oppedal et al, 2018) (Figure 4). This indicates that increased erosion and run-off likely resulted in reworking of plant-derived material that was previously fixed in soils and peat deposits.…”

Section: C Isotopic Signatures Of Terrestrial Oc In Subantarctic Mmentioning

confidence: 97%

Compound‐Specific Radiocarbon Analysis of (Sub‐)Antarctic Coastal Marine Sediments—Potential and Challenges for Chronologies

Berg

Jivcov

Kusch

et al. 2020

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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In Antarctic and Subantarctic environments, 14 C-based age determination is often challenging due to unknown reservoir effects, low organic carbon contents of sediments, and high contributions of petrogenic (14 C-free) carbon in ice marginal settings. In this study, we evaluate possible benefits and challenges of compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) as a tool for age determination of marine Antarctic and Subantarctic sediment sequences. We present a comprehensive data set of 14 C ages obtained on bulk organic carbon, carbonates, and on fatty acids (FA) from three coastal marine sediment cores from Subantarctic South Georgia and East Antarctica. Low molecular weight (LMW) FA represent the least 14 C-depleted fraction, indicating that the phytoplankton-derived compounds can be a means of dating sediments. In contrast, vascular plant-derived high molecular weight FA are systematically depleted in 14 C relative to the low molecular weight homologues, reflecting processes such as soil formation/erosion in the catchment. Comparative age-depth models show significant differences, depending on the material used for the respective models. While the land plant-derived FA may lead to an overestimation of the actual sediment age, LMW FA reveal complex aquatic reservoir effects. Bulk sedimentary organic carbon 14 C ages likely provide appropriate age estimates in settings with low petrogenic carbon input in the Antarctic, whereas CSRA has the potential to produce improved age control in settings with high contributions of petrogenic carbon.

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Patagonian ash on sub‐Antarctic South Georgia: expanding the tephrostratigraphy of southern South America into the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

Oppedal

Bilt

Balascio

et al. 2018

J Quaternary Science

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Fingerprinting non‐visible volcanic ash (cryptotephra) enables precise dating and time synchronization of palaeoclimate archives. Recent analytical advances allow us to strengthen and expand existing tephrostratigraphical frameworks and harness the full potential of this powerful geochronological tool. Here, we present geochemical (electron microprobe) and chronological (14C) evidence to show that ash found in a peat section on the sub‐Antarctic island of South Georgia correlates to the ∼2950 cal a BP Alpehué eruption of the Chilean Sollipulli volcano. This discovery marks the first tephra fingerprint on South Georgia and expands the recently refined tephrostratigraphy of Patagonia ∼3000 km into the Southern Ocean. As deposition of this tephra horizon coincides with a major shift in regional atmospheric conditions, future finds may yield information on the spatiotemporal pattern of Southern Ocean climate dynamics.

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Cirque Glacier on South Georgia Shows Centennial Variability over the Last 7000 Years

Cited by 19 publications

References 78 publications

Regional Climate Change Recorded in Moss Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes from a Late Holocene Peat Archive in the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Regional Climate Change Recorded in Moss Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes from a Late Holocene Peat Archive in the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Compound‐Specific Radiocarbon Analysis of (Sub‐)Antarctic Coastal Marine Sediments—Potential and Challenges for Chronologies

Patagonian ash on sub‐Antarctic South Georgia: expanding the tephrostratigraphy of southern South America into the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

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