Maize tolerance to Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) leaf damage and insecticide application

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the tolerance of Tamaulipas native maize populations to the leaf damage caused by Spodoptera frugiperda. Design/Methodology/Approach: During the two agricultural cycles of 2019, the leaf damage by S. frugiperda and the grain yield decrease in 10 populations of native maize were evaluated In Güémez, Tamaulipas. Results: Leaf damage by S. frugiperda was minimal when synthetic insecticide (emamectin benzoate) was applied in the autumn-winter agricultural cycle; meanwhile, it was greater in the spring-summer cycle, but its levels remained lower than the rest of the S. frugiperda management strategies. Leaf damage was higher during the spring-summer cycle because the environmental temperature was higher than in the autumn-winter cycle. Study limitations/Implications: Spodoptera frugiperda is an important pest of maize. It is mainly controlled using synthetic insecticides, which cause environmental and human health risks. The use of tolerant cultivars is a strategy that reduces these risks. Findings/Conclusions: The TML2S3 and VHA maize populations were tolerant to S. frugiperda leaf damage in both agricultural cycles; it is considered as the base germplasm for a program aimed at enhancing this characteristic.

Abono líquido e insecticidas para el control de Spodoptera frugiperda y rendimiento de maíz

“…No obstante, el uso de insecticidas sintéticos en la agricultura ocasiona un desequilibrio ambiental al contaminar suelo y agua (Hernández-Trejo et al 2022). Por lo que deben implementarse alternativas de manejo agroecológico para esta plaga (Harrison et al 2019, Pérez et al 2019.…”

Daño y dinámica poblacional del gusano cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda) en líneas élite de maíz (Zea mays)

“…Las estrategias más utilizadas para su manejo, se basan en el uso de insecticidas químicos que contaminan al medio ambiente y, en algunos casos, la utilización de maíces transgénicos que expresan toxinas derivadas de la bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, denominados maíces Bt. (Mentaberry & Ghio, 2002;Hernández-Trejo et al, 2018). Sin embargo, al momento de planificar estrategias para el control de una plaga, es fundamental contar con información referida a aspectos biológicos básicos de la especie, como preferencia y/o selectividad por el hospedero, tasa de crecimiento poblacional, tolerancia a factores ambientales, distribución geográfica y espacial, patrones de dispersión, respuestas a insecticidas y/o a cultivos transgénicos (Casmuz et al, 2010;Yañez-López et al, 2019).…”