Maize Nutrient Accumulation and Partitioning in Response to Plant Density and Nitrogen Rate: I. Macronutrients

Abstract

Understanding nutrient balances in changing cropping systems is critical to appropriately adjust agronomic recommendations and inform breeding efforts to increase nutrient efficiencies. Research to determine the season‐long P, K, and S uptake and partitioning dynamics in maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by low, medium, and high plant density (PD) and N rate factors and their interactions was conducted over four site‐years in Indiana. Plant nutrient contents at maturity responded predominantly to N rate. Relative nutrient contents at silking compared with those at maturity were 47% for P, 100% for K, and 58% for S. Concentrations of P, K, and S varied less in leaf vs. stem (vegetative stage) and in ear vs. shoot (reproductive stage). Equivalent stoichiometric ratios were documented for N and S partitioning in leaf, stem, and ear components. The PD and N rate treatments did not modify P, K, and S nutrient partitioning to plant components during vegetative or reproductive periods (except for an N rate effect on leaf vs. stem P partitioning). Near silking, relative nutrient partitioning to the ear followed the order P > S > K. This mimicked the nutrient harvest indices observed at maturity, suggesting genetic modulation. Ratios of N to P, K, and S in whole‐plant tissues were influenced by N content changes in response to N rate but not by PD. As the season progressed, PD and N rates changed the absolute P, K, and S quantities (primarily reflecting biomass responses) but had little influence on nutrient ratios.

Evaluation of critical nitrogen and phosphorus models for maize under full and limited irrigation conditions

“…The irrigation regimes did not significantly affect the slopes of these relationships (p=0.21). The P concentration in relation to N in maize under non-limiting N conditions was described by the linear relationship developed by Ziadi et al (2007), Greenwood et al (2008), Bélanger et al (2011) and Ciampitti et al (2013). Bélanger et al (2011) reported linear-plateau relationships between maize and wheat leaf N and P concentrations considering the growing season and linear relationships when considering stem elongation for wheat and silking for maize.…”

The influence of various fertilizing methods on two new superior varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in monsoon agroecosystem of Sulawesi

“…The available nutrients can be used by crop to increase the intended yield. Nutrient balance should be achieved to optimize crop productivity (Ciampitti et al, 2013). The application of fertilizer dose based on recommendation of PUTS device had the highest result.…”

Metodologia para caracterizar a composição e a produção de matéria seca, e a extração e a correlação entre nutrientes na cultura de milho

“…To validate the model an experiment is suggested to compare methodologies. Os aumentos de produtividade da cultura de milho se devem ao desenvolvimento da agricultura com relação ao melhoramento genético das plantas e as práticas de manejo, entre elas, a correção e fertilização dos solos (CIAMPITTI et al, 2013;BENDER et al, 2013). Stewart et al (2005) relataram que 57% do aumento de produtividade da cultura de milho pode ser atribuída as aplicações de corretivos e fertilizantes.…”

“…No entanto, as informações sobre absorção e partição dos nutrientes na cultura de milho são provenientes de literaturas mais antigas (CIAMPITTI et al, 2013). Os trabalhos mais recentes sobre a absorção e partição dos nutrientes na cultura de milho têm sido realizados principalmente nos Estados Unidos (CIAMPITTI; VYN, 2011;CIAMPITTI et al, 2013).…”

“…Os trabalhos mais recentes sobre a absorção e partição dos nutrientes na cultura de milho têm sido realizados principalmente nos Estados Unidos (CIAMPITTI; VYN, 2011;CIAMPITTI et al, 2013).…”