Maize Cross Incompatibility and the Promiscuous<i>Ga1‐m</i>Allele

Goodman, M. M.; Jones, Zachary G.; Sánchez, Guadalupe; Kermicle, Jerry L.

doi:10.1002/9781119717003.ch2

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Instead, these similarities may indicate a pre‐Columbian interchange of popcorn between North and South America, as has been previously suggested (Bedoya et al., 2017). Additionally, the genetic similarity may reflect reduced admixture with other landraces due to the high frequency of the dent‐sterile Ga1‐S allele in North and South American popcorn (Goodman et al., 2021). This aligns with the finding that popcorn landraces tend to group separately from other maize types, as discussed above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of North American popcorn germplasm and the effect of population structure on nicosulfuron response

2023

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Popcorn (Zea mays) is an important crop in the United States; however, genetic analyses of popcorn are limited and tend to utilize relatively few markers that cannot capture the total genomic variation. To improve the genomic resources in popcorn, a panel of 320 popcorn accessions was evaluated using 308,811 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated using a genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach. Using this genomic data, several model‐based clustering analyses identified two major groups. The first comprised North American Yellow Pearl Popcorns and accessions of the Chilean Curagua landrace, separated into three subgroups. The second, the Pointed and Latin American Popcorns, included all remaining North American, Latin American, and global accessions. These groups exhibited differences in population structure and genetic diversity. The North American Yellow Pearl Popcorns contain limited genetic diversity compared to the Pointed and Latin American Popcorns. Additionally, phenotypic differences between the two groups were observed in kernel color and nicosulfuron sensitivity. A filtered set of SNPs was curated and used for genome‐wide association studies and popcorn‐specific candidate genes for nicosulfuron tolerance were identified. The genomic characterization described here can be used by breeding programs to accelerate the rate of genetic gain and incorporate genetic diversity into elite popcorn germplasm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of North American popcorn germplasm and the effect of population structure on nicosulfuron response

2023

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“…In addition, Nelson (1952) studied exogenous ga1 pollen exclusion in the F 1 and F 2 progeny of reciprocal crosses between 12 popcorn lines homozygous for either ga1 or Ga1-s alleles and one dent corn line homozygous for ga1; genotypic differences in pollen exclusion were observed between lines. However, some of the popcorn lines Nelson (1952) used were later identified as Ga1-m lines, according to Goodman et al (2021), which would have influenced the genotypic differences observed. Ashman (1975) re-evaluated exogenous ga1 pollen exclusion of the Ga1-s popcorn line SA24, one ga1 popcorn line sg1533, and the ga1 dent corn line Hy that were tested by Nelson (1952).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in degree of pollen exclusion for ga1‐s unilateral cross incompatibility in temperate maize breeding populations

Boerman

Lauter

Edwards

et al. 2021

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Fertilization and kernel development are crucial for breeding and agronomic production of maize (Zea mays L.), which is prone to outcrossing. Because of this tendency, a major issue for organic corn farmers is to maintain genetic purity of their crop. One way to maintain this purity is to use a unilateral cross incompatibility system such as Ga1-s. However, lack of complete pollen exclusion has been reported in Ga1-s heterozygotes, complicating introgression of this trait into breeding germplasm. A systematic, quantitative evaluation of pollen exclusion rates in breeding lines would greatly facilitate use of this system. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate exogenous ga1 pollen exclusion of a diverse set of Ga1-s/ga1 F 1 hybrids representing the stiff stalk and nonstiff stalk heterotic groups, and the Iowa Synthetic Corn Borer population. Differences between genotypes but not heterotic groups were observed when applying exogenous ga1 pollen onto heterozygotes possessing the same Ga1-s allele, indicating there are epistatic interactions between Ga1-s and modifier loci in the ga1 parents tested.

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Three types of genes underlying the Gametophyte factor1 locus cause unilateral cross incompatibility in maize

Wang

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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Unilateral cross incompatibility (UCI) occurs between popcorn and dent corn, and represents a critical step towards speciation. It has been reported that ZmGa1P, encoding a pectin methylesterase (PME), is a male determinant of the Ga1 locus. However, the female determinant and the genetic relationship between male and female determinants at this locus are unclear. Here, we report three different types, a total of seven linked genes underlying the Ga1 locus, which control UCI phenotype by independently affecting pollen tube growth in both antagonistic and synergistic manners. These include five pollen-expressed PME genes (ZmGa1Ps-m), a silk-expressed PME gene (ZmPME3), and another silk-expressed gene (ZmPRP3), encoding a pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. ZmGa1Ps-m confer pollen compatibility. Presence of ZmPME3 causes silk to reject incompatible pollen. ZmPRP3 promotes incompatibility pollen tube growth and thereby breaks the blocking effect of ZmPME3. In addition, evolutionary genomics analyses suggest that the divergence of the Ga1 locus existed before maize domestication and continued during breeding improvement. The knowledge gained here deepen our understanding of the complex regulation of cross incompatibility.

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Maize Cross Incompatibility and the PromiscuousGa1‐mAllele

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Genetic diversity of North American popcorn germplasm and the effect of population structure on nicosulfuron response

Genetic diversity of North American popcorn germplasm and the effect of population structure on nicosulfuron response

Variation in degree of pollen exclusion for ga1‐s unilateral cross incompatibility in temperate maize breeding populations

Three types of genes underlying the Gametophyte factor1 locus cause unilateral cross incompatibility in maize

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