Maintenance of Therapeutic Change by Momentary Dro

Abstract

Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) involves delivery of reinforcement at the end of an interval during which the target behavior has not occurred. Momentary DRO, however, is a procedure in which reinforcement is delivered if a response did not occur at the end of an interval.We examined the extent to which momentary DRO maintained suppression, following initial treatment with whole-interval DRO, of nine retarded students' maladaptive behavior could be effective in maintaining response rates after their initial suppression by whole-interval DRO. This purpose was met in three ways: (a) by following whole-interval DRO with momentary DRO for three students and seeing whether the MDRO retained response suppression; (b) by comparing the MDRO data of these three students with the data of three other students who remained on the WIDRO and did not experience the MDRO condition; and (c) by examining the data of three other students who were presented with the WID-RO condition followed by a return to baseline condition to determine if response suppression was maintained after WIDRO withdrawal. METHOD Subjects and SettingNine (five male, four female) severely multihandicapped elementary school aged students (IQ scores of 40 and below) served as the subjects of this study. The students were nonverbal, ambulatory, and had secondary handicaps of vision or hearing impairment varying from mild after correction (e.g., hearing aids or glasses) to severe. Three of the students were dassified as having profound mental retardation with the remainder dassified as having severe mental retardation. These students exhibited a variety of maladaptive behaviors (e.g., stereotypic behaviors, noncompliance) at widely varying rates. The students were enrolled in a program for individuals who displayed maladaptive 277 1986,19t277-282 NUMBER 3 (FALL 1986)

Children with Special Needs' Opinions and Problems about Inclusive Practices

“…Görüldüğü üzere en ılımlı uygulamalar pekiştirmeye dayalı uygulamalardır ve bu uygulamaların kullanılmasının uygun olmayan davranışların azaltılmasında oldukça etkili olduğu alanyazında sıkça vurgulanmaktadır (Barton, Brulle ve Repp, 1986;Derwas ve Jones, 1993;Tavil, 1996). (g 5, s 3-4, ss, 126-129).…”

The Role of Program Consistency in a Summer Therapeutic Camp for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

“…The first schedule was most representative of a variable DRO (VDRO) schedule (Patterson, Jones, Whittier, & Wright, 1965;Topping & Crowe, 1974), in which reinforcement is delivered contingent upon the absence of any specific noncompliant behaviors throughout the entire interval. The second simultaneous schedule was most consistent with a momentary DRO (MDRO) schedule (Barton, Brulle, & Repp, 1986), in which reinforcement is delivered if none of the specified disruptive behaviors were occurring at the exact time that the interval ended. Tokens were then accumulated and "cashed in" as described at the end of this paragraph.…”

Reducing stereotyped behavior using momentary dro: An experimental analysis

“…More recently, Barton et al (1986) showed that momentary DRO maintained reductions comparable to whole interval DRO. Sissons et al (1988) showed a momentary DRO procedure to be moderately successful in reducing stereotypic and disruptive behaviors.…”

“…In recent years, a variant of DRO termed momentary DRO (mDRO) has received increasing research attention (Barton, Brulle & Repp, 1986;Harris & Wolchik, 1979;Repp Barton & Brulle, 1983;Sissons, Van Hasselt, Hersen, & Aurand, 1988).…”