Maintenance of broad neutralizing antibodies and memory B cells 1 year post-infection is predicted by SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell responses

Balachandran, Harikrishnan; Phetsouphanh, Chansavath; Agapiou, David; Adhikari, Anurag; Rodrigo, Chaturaka; Hammoud, Mohamed; Shrestha, Lok Bahadur; Keoshkerian, Elizabeth; Gupta, Money; Turville, Stuart; Christ, Daniel; King, Cecile; Sasson, Sarah C.; Bartlett, Adam W.; Grubor‐Bauk, Branka; Rawlinson, William D.; Aggarwal, Anupriya; Stella, Alberto Ospina; Klemm, Vera; Mina, Michael; Post, Jeffrey J.; Hudson, Bernard; Gilroy, Nicky; Konecny, Pam; Ahlenstiel, Golo; Dwyer, Dominic E.; Sorrell, Tania C.; Kelleher, Anthony D.; Tedla, Nicodemus; Lloyd, Andrew R.; Martinello, Marianne; Bull, Rowena A.

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110345

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Thus, a higher cTfh1 response may result in more memory B cells. These data are consistent with those of a previous report showing a correlation between cTfh1 and B cell memory in case of infection (24).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…3C-D). These data are consistent with previous reports showing the development and persistence kinetics of memory B and T cells elicited by natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 (23, 24).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…cTfh cell subsets were reported to be associated with antibody response in COVID-19 convalescent patients (14, 19, 24, 25). We observed CXCR5 + cTfh subsets in OX40 + CD137 + activated CD4 + cells after 15 mer peptide stimulation for 2 days at V2_3w, an early time point in the induction of immune response.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Memory B cells and memory T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination or infection show different dynamics and efficacy to the Omicron variant

Mise-Omata

Ikeda

Takeshita

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Although BNT162b2 vaccination was shown to prevent infection and reduce COVID-19 severity, and the persistence of immunological memory generated by the vaccination has not been well elucidated. We evaluated memory B and T cell responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein before and after the third BNT162b2 booster. Although the antibody titer against the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) decreased significantly 8 months after the second vaccination, the number of memory B cells continued to increase, while the number of memory T cells decreased slowly. Memory B and T cells from unvaccinated infected patients showed similar kinetics. After the third vaccination, the antibody titer increased to the level of the second vaccination, and memory B cells increased at significantly higher levels before the booster, while memory T cells recovered close to the second vaccination levels. In memory T cells, the frequency of CXCR5+CXCR3+CCR6- cTfh1 was positively correlated with RBD-specific antibody-secreting B cells. Furthermore, T cell-dependent antibody production from reactivated memory B cells in vitro was correlated to the Tfh-like cytokine levels. For the response to variant RBDs, although 60%-80% of memory B cells could bind to the Omicron RBD, their binding affinity was low, while memory T cells show an equal response to the Omicron spike. Thus, the persistent presence of memory B and T cells will quickly upregulate antibody production and T cell responses after Omicron strain infection, which prevents severe illness and death due to COVID-19.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…3C-D). These data are consistent with previous reports showing the development and persistence kinetics of memory B and T cells elicited by natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 (23, 24).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Memory B cells and memory T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination or infection show different dynamics and efficacy to the Omicron variant

Mise-Omata

Ikeda

Takeshita

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We aim at conducting other rounds of this study to further document the trend in the seroprevalence rate of children over time. In parallel, further studies should investigate the kinetics of humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, as well as the cellular response, in order to identify new potential markers of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection such as SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells or SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific memory B-cells, which have been shown to remain stable even 12 months after the infection in adult patients [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Seroprevalence in Children and Factors Associated with Seroconversion: Results from a Multiple Time-Points Study in Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region, Italy

et al. 2022

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Data on the effective burden of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the pediatric population are limited. We aimed at assessing the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in children at three subsequent time-points. The study was conducted between January 2021 and July 2021 among children referring to the Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health “Burlo Garofolo” in Trieste, a referral regional hospital in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. A multivariate analysis was conducted to assess factors independently associated with seroconversion. A total of 594 children were included. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 trimeric Spike protein IgG antibodies were found in 32 (15.4%) children tested in April-May and in 20 (11.8%) in June–July 2021, compared with 24 (11.1%) of those tested in January–February 2021 (p = 0.37, Armitage exact test for trend over time p = 0.76). A subgroup analysis and a multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed considering sociodemographic, clinical, and historical variables. Three categories of children showed statistically significant increased odds of positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies: children previously positive to a nasopharyngeal swab (AdjOR 15.41, 95%CI 3.44–69.04, p < 0.001), cohabitant with a person with an history of a previous positive nasopharyngeal swab (AdjOR 9.95, 95%CI 5.35–18.52, p < 0.001), and children with a foreign citizenship (AdjOR 2.4, 95%CI 1.05–5.70, p = 0.002). The study suggests that seroprevalence studies may be of limited help in estimating the prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic in children. Further studies are needed to identify other markers of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, such as CD4+ T cells or memory B-cells.

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“…The number of spike-specific memory B cells increased with time after symptom onset, whereas SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells declined, with a half-life of 3–5 months [ 77 ]. Baseline antigen-specific CD4+ T cell response is a predictor of the maintenance of antibody neutralization breadth and RBD-specific memory B cell levels at 12 months post-infection [ 78 ]. In mild COVID-19 convalescents, the peak memory B cell response was detected at 3 months after symptom onset and persisted up to 7 months after infection.…”

Section: Immune Response To Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity after COVID-19 Recovery and Vaccination: Similarities and Differences

et al. 2022

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with a robust immune response. The development of systemic inflammation leads to a hyperinflammatory state due to cytokine release syndrome during severe COVID-19. The emergence of many new SARS-CoV-2 variants across the world deteriorates the protective antiviral immunity induced after infection or vaccination. The innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for determining the fate of COVID-19 symptomatology. T cell-mediated immunity is the main factor of the antiviral immune response; moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection initiates a rapid B-cell response. In this paper, we present the current state of knowledge on immunity after COVID-19 infection and vaccination. We discuss the mechanisms of immune response to various types of vaccines (nucleoside-modified, adenovirus-vectored, inactivated virus vaccines and recombinant protein adjuvanted formulations). This includes specific aspects of vaccination in selected patient populations with altered immune activity (the elderly, children, pregnant women, solid organ transplant recipients, patients with systemic rheumatic diseases or malignancies). We also present diagnostic and research tools available to study the anti-SARS-CoV-2 cellular and humoral immune responses.

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Maintenance of broad neutralizing antibodies and memory B cells 1 year post-infection is predicted by SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell responses

Cited by 42 publications

References 61 publications

Memory B cells and memory T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination or infection show different dynamics and efficacy to the Omicron variant

Memory B cells and memory T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination or infection show different dynamics and efficacy to the Omicron variant

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Seroprevalence in Children and Factors Associated with Seroconversion: Results from a Multiple Time-Points Study in Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region, Italy

Immunity after COVID-19 Recovery and Vaccination: Similarities and Differences

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