Maintaining essential health services during the pandemic in Bangladesh: the role of primary health care supported by routine health information system

Wangmo, Sangay; Sarkar, Shila; Islam, Tasmia; Rahman, Habibur; Landry, Mark

doi:10.4103/2224-3151.309884

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The results suggest that the continuity of EHNS could not be ensured in Bangladesh during the pandemic, especially in the initial months. This correlates with findings from administrative data [ 7 ] and longitudinal surveys [ 25 ], as well as findings reported in other countries [ 26 , 27 ]. Demand and supply limitations for service delivery during lockdown, difficulties in communication, and limitations in the local monitoring of the disease and service delivery were some of the primary causes of service disruptions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Resulting from the aforementioned changes in health care provision and the immense pressure brought by the pandemic response, as well as the pre-pandemic challenges faced by the country’s health system, in 20220 Bangladesh experienced problems in EHNS on both the supply and demand sides. Between April and May 2020, when the pandemic cases started to climb [ 5 ], administrative data indicated sharp reductions in services across all levels of care [ 7 ], including primary, secondary, and tertiary care. There were problems in the provision of services related to the disruption of supply chains of medicines and contraceptives, reduced hours for EHNS at clinics and hospitals, strains on human resources for health, and the reallocation of resources to COVID-19 related activities [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Qualitative Assessment of the Essential Health and Nutrition Service Delivery in the Context of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: The Perspective of Divisional Directors

et al. 2022

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Bangladesh suffered disruptions in the utilization of essential health and nutrition services (EHNS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The magnitude of the pandemic has been documented, but little is known from the perspectives of health administrators. A rapid qualitative assessment of division-level capacity identified successes and bottlenecks in providing EHNS- and COVID-19-related services during the first months of the pandemic in Bangladesh. Semi-structured interviews were held with the Health and Family Planning Divisional Directors of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The Primary Health Care System Framework guided the content analysis, focusing on (i) service delivery, (ii) communication and community outreach, and (iii) surveillance and service monitoring. Our findings identified low care seeking due to fears of getting infected and unawareness that EHNS were still available. Adaptations to telemedicine were highly heterogeneous between divisions, but collaboration with NGOs were fruitful in reinstating outreach activities. Guidelines were centered on COVID-19 information and less so on EHNS. The inflexibility of spending capacities at divisional and clinic levels hindered service provision. Misinformation and information voids were difficult to handle all around the country. Community health workers were useful for outreach communication. EHNS must be guaranteed during sanitary emergencies, and Bangladesh presented with both significant efforts and areas of opportunity for improvement.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Assessment of the Essential Health and Nutrition Service Delivery in the Context of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: The Perspective of Divisional Directors

et al. 2022

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“…This anytime, anywhere availability can be critical in emergency situations such as the current pandemic. In developing countries like Bangladesh where health services have been hampered by the crisis [ 194 ], smartwatch users have been able to rely on their devices to access health care services in place of visits to doctors [ 195 ] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied Artificial Intelligence and user satisfaction: Smartwatch usage for healthcare in Bangladesh during COVID-19

Uzir

Halbusi

Lim

et al. 2021

Technology in Society

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The evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized many aspects of human life, including healthcare. Amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, AI-enabled smartwatches are being used to help users to self-monitor and self-manage their health. Using a framework based on Stimulus-Organism-Response (S–O-R) theory, this present study aimed to explore the use of AI-enabled smartwatches for health purposes, in particular the effects of product quality, service quality, perceived convenience, and perceived ease of use on user experience, trust and user satisfaction. Based on a purposive survey sample of 486 smartphone users in Bangladesh, data collected was analyzed using SPSS software for elementary analyses and PLS-SEM for hypotheses testing. The findings showed that the predictors, namely product quality, service quality, perceived convenience, and perceived ease of use, significantly affected user experience and trust. Similarly, user experience and trust were influential on user satisfaction and played partial mediating roles between predictors and user satisfaction. Besides, gender and age moderate the relationships of experience and trust with customer satisfaction. These findings support the S–O-R theoretical framework and have practical implications for brand and marketing managers of smartwatches in developing product features and understanding users' attitudes and behaviours.

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“…The lockdown measures were attenuated in the second month of lockdown. A sharp decline was observed in the utilisation of essential MNH services during the lockdown period (March–May 2020) in Bangladesh using the DHIS2 27 28. For example, the study reported that there was a 41%, 52% and 56% decrease in April 2020 compared with January 2020 for institutional normal deliveries in upazila health complex (UHC), district hospital and tertiary hospitals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect effects of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on the coverage of essential maternal and newborn health services in a rural subdistrict in Bangladesh: results from a cross-sectional household survey

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveThis paper presents the effect of the early phase of COVID-19 on the coverage of essential maternal and newborn health (MNH) services in a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh.DesignCross-sectional household survey with random sampling.SettingBaliakandi subdistrict, Rajbari district, Bangladesh.ParticipantsData were collected from women who were on the third trimester of pregnancy during the early phase of the pandemic (111) and pre-pandemic periods (115) to measure antenatal care (ANC) service coverage. To measure birth, postnatal care (PNC) and essential newborn care (ENC), data were collected from women who had a history of delivery during the early phase of the pandemic (163) and pre-pandemic periods (166).ExposureEarly phase of the pandemic included a strict national lockdown between April and June 2020, and pre-pandemic was defined as August–October 2019.Outcome of interestChanges in the coverage of selected MNH services (ANC, birth, PNC, ENC) during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period, estimated by two-sample proportion tests.FindingsAmong women who were on the third trimester of pregnancy during the early phase of the pandemic period, 77% (95% CI: 70% to 85%) received at least one ANC from a medically trained provider (MTP) during the third trimester, compared with 83% (95% CI: 76% to 90%) during the pre-pandemic period (p=0.33). Among women who gave birth during the early phase of the pandemic period, 72% (95% CI: 66% to 79%) were attended by an MTP, compared with 63% (95% CI: 56% to 71%) during the pre-pandemic period (p=0.08). Early initiation of breast feeding was practised among 38% (95% CI: 31% to 46%) of the babies born during the early phase of the pandemic period. It was 37% (95% CI: 29% to 44%) during the pre-pandemic period (p=0.81). The coverage of ANC, birth, PNC and ENC did not differ by months of pandemic and pre-pandemic periods; only the coverage of at least one ANC from an MTP significantly differed among the women who were 7 months pregnant during the early phase of the pandemic (35%, 95% CI: 26% to 44%) and pre-pandemic (49%, 95% CI: 39% to 58%) (p=0.04).ConclusionThe effect of the early phase of the pandemic including lockdown on the selected MNH service coverage was null in the study area. The nature of the lockdown, the availability and accessibility of private sector health services in that area, and the combating strategies at the rural level made it possible for the women to avail the required MNH services.

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Maintaining essential health services during the pandemic in Bangladesh: the role of primary health care supported by routine health information system

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

A Qualitative Assessment of the Essential Health and Nutrition Service Delivery in the Context of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: The Perspective of Divisional Directors

A Qualitative Assessment of the Essential Health and Nutrition Service Delivery in the Context of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: The Perspective of Divisional Directors

Applied Artificial Intelligence and user satisfaction: Smartwatch usage for healthcare in Bangladesh during COVID-19

Indirect effects of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on the coverage of essential maternal and newborn health services in a rural subdistrict in Bangladesh: results from a cross-sectional household survey

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