“…With such a pattern, there is an urgent need to develop efficacious interventions aimed at prevention, enhancement of resilience and early treatment that can be implemented by nonspecialist health workers in primary health care settings, and an even greater need for school-based programmes to promote child and adolescent mental health (Patel, Flisher, Hetrick, & McGorry, 2007;Mishara & Ystgaard, 2006;Collins et al, 2011;Al-Obaidi, 2011). However, the Iraqi school system currently lacks a mental health philosophy, there are no school-based CAMH services, and Iraqi teachers are not trained to identify children with learning and emotional problems (Al-Obaidi & Budosan, 2011;Al-Obaidi et al, 2010a). The principal first step in developing school-based mental health services is a needs assessment aiming to define the major school-based mental health needs and practical paths to satisfy those needs (Grunbaum, Gingiss, Orpinas, Batey, & Parcel, 1995), with attention to mechanisms (e.g., teacher-training processes) that can affect programme implementation and sustainability (Han & Weiss, 2005).…”