Main routes for the thermo-conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals. Part 1: Pyrolysis systems

Balat, Mustafa; Balat, M.; Kırtay, Elif; Balat, Havva

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2009.08.014

Cited by 570 publications

(326 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Thermochemical processes utilize heat to facil- 37 itate the depolymerization of biomass compounds which are further processed into 38 biofuel and co-products [5, 6,7,8]. Biochemical processes involve living organisms 39 to convert organic materials to fuels, chemicals, and other products.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply chain design and operational planning models for biomass to drop-in fuel production

Zhang

2013

Biomass and Bioenergy

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply chain design and operational planning models for biomass to drop-in fuel production

Zhang

2013

Biomass and Bioenergy

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“…The kinetic parameters of the evolved species were obtained by applying the techniques described in the previous equations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). For this purpose, the curve of dmi/dt vs. temperature was plotted for the heating rate (20•C/min) using the following equation:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the numerous biomass conversion methods, pyrolysis is one of the most popular technologies [5,6]. This technology is characterized by its ability to thermally convert the biomass into fuels and chemicals in the absence of oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pyrolysis Behavior of Evolved Species from Date Palm Seeds

Babiker

Aziz

Heikal

et al. 2014

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The pyrolytic behavior of evolved gases from date palm seeds (DPSs) were measured to gain insight into the mechanism of DPSs pyrolysis. Six different cultivars were used in this study, namely Deglet nour, Piarom, Suffry, Safawi, Mabroom and Aliya. A thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a real-time gas analyzer (GA) were used to calculate the mass losses and the mole fraction of evolved gases, respectively. DPSs samples were pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere condition using argon with a purge rate of 100 mL/minute. The samples were subjected to non-isothermal operation. An independent single model and parallel reaction model were adopted to interpret the empirical data collected from TGA and GA, respectively. The results reveled that there are three types of pyrolysis zones depending on the main constituents of every cultivars. Moreover, the potentialty of the zones in controlling the pyrolysis behavior was noticeable. The dominant hydrocarbon species in DPSs were CO and CH4 (40 to 50% higher than the rest of species). The mole fraction of CO was 2 to 4 times higher than the mole fraction of CO2. The activation energy and frequency factor of DPSs evolved species showed that Mabroom has the highest activation energy regarding H2 (63.21kJ/mol) and CO (74.32 kJ/mol).

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“…Destacam-se nesta categoria o etanol celulósico 9 e a produção de hidrocarbonetos na faixa de combustíveis líquidos por processos de conversão termoquímica. 10,11 Estes biocombustíveis poderiam ser produzidos nas chamadas biorrefinarias, em alusão à própria infraestrutura da indústria de petróleo, com suas refinarias centralizadas. Entretanto, a baixa densidade da biomassa elevaria os custos de transporte, tornando a logística ineficiente e afetando a viabilidade econômica de todo o processo.…”

Section: Biocombustíveis De 2 a Geraçãounclassified

Química e sustentabilidade: novas fronteiras em biocombustíveis

Mota¹,

Monteiro²

2013

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 4/7/13; aceito em 30/8/13; publicado na web em 18/9/13 CHEMISTRY AND SUSTAINABILITY: NEW FRONTIERS IN BIOFUELS. This contribution discusses the state of the art and the challenges in producing biofuels, as well as the need to develop chemical conversion processes of CO 2 in Brazil. Biofuels are sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels for providing energy, whilst minimizing the effects of CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere. Ethanol from fermentation of simple sugars and biodiesel produced from oils and fats are the first-generation of biofuels available in the country. However, they are preferentially produced from edible feedstocks (sugar cane and vegetable oils), which limits the expansion of national production. In addition, environmental issues, as well as political and societal pressures, have promoted the development of 2 nd and 3 rd generation biofuels. These biofuels are based on lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural waste and wood processing, and on algae, respectively. Cellulosic ethanol, from fermentation of cellulose-derived sugars, and hydrocarbons in the range of liquid fuels (gasoline, jet, and diesel fuels) produced through thermochemical conversion processes are considered biofuels of the new generation. Nevertheless, the available 2 nd and 3 rd generation biofuels, and those under development, have to be subsidized for inclusion in the consumer market. Therefore, one of the greatest challenges in the biofuels area is their competitive large-scale production in relation to fossil fuels. Owing to this, fossil fuels, based on petroleum, coal and natural gas, will be around for many years to come. Thus, it is necessary to utilize the inevitable CO 2 released by the combustion processes in a rational and economical way. Chemical transformation processes of CO 2 into methanol, hydrocarbons and organic carbonates are attractive and relatively easy to implement in the short-to-medium terms. However, the low reactivity of CO 2 and the thermodynamic limitations in terms of conversion and yield of products remain challenges to be overcome in the development of sustainable CO 2 conversion processes.Keywords: biofuels; biomass; CO 2 . INTRODUÇÃOA Sociedade Brasileira de Química (SBQ), sempre atenta ao seu papel de discutir e propor soluções para temas de interesse nacional relacionados à área de Química, vem desenvolvendo inúmeras iniciativas, que também visam induzir políticas de C&T de interesse geral. O Censo da Química no País 1 é uma das mais recentes iniciativas, que visa debater com a comunidade assuntos estratégicos de interesse do país por meio de position papers, que descrevem a situação e desafios a serem vencidos em diversos temas centrais. A questão da energia é um dos temas centrais citados e no qual o presente artigo pretende contribuir para o debate, colocando a questão dos biocombustíveis e a utilização racional do CO 2 em contraponto aos combustíveis de origem fóssil, que além de finitos, causam sérios problemas ambientais.O século XX associou a Química à poluição ambiental...

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Main routes for the thermo-conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals. Part 1: Pyrolysis systems

Cited by 570 publications

References 71 publications

Supply chain design and operational planning models for biomass to drop-in fuel production

Supply chain design and operational planning models for biomass to drop-in fuel production

The Pyrolysis Behavior of Evolved Species from Date Palm Seeds

Química e sustentabilidade: novas fronteiras em biocombustíveis

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