Main directions of detection of malignant neoplasms of leading localizations in rural municipal districts

Abstract

Introduction. The leading localizations of malignant neoplasms in terms of detection frequency in Russia are breast cancer (BC) and uterine cancer by women (RTM) — 51.8 and 18.3%, accordingly, by men — lung cancer (RL) and prostate cancer (PC) — 47.4 and 41.4%, respectively. Study objective was the identification of the main reasons of the high level of neglect of cancer of the leading localizations among residents of rural municipalities of the Chelyabinsk region. Material and methods. The study was carried out on the general population of people living in 5 rural municipal districts of the Chelyabinsk region, included by the Ministry of Health of the region in the Magnitogorsk oncological cluster, with malignant neoplasms of the mammary gland and the body of the uterus, lung and prostate gland (total 1696 observation units). Results. During medical examinations in basic rural municipal areas, the detection of breast cancer and RTM is in the range from 0.1 to 0.3 cases and 0.04 to 0.1 cases per 100 examined women, prostate cancer — 0.04-0.1 per 100 examined men. In medical examination suits, the detection is even lower — from 0.005 to 0.03 cases and 0.007 to 0.02 cases per 100 women and 0.01 to 0.05 cases per 100 men. The levels of cancer detection in rural areas are substantially lower than similar indicators among the urban population. Only when RL is detected, medical examinations of the rural population do not lag behind the indicators of the townspeople in their effectiveness. Discussion. The oncological epidemiological situation in municipal areas of the Magnitogorsk oncological cluster can be characterized as extremely unsatisfactory, due to a lower level of registered morbidity than in the city and to the low efficiency of active methods for detecting cancer. Conclusion. The lower incidence of malignant neoplasms in rural areas compared to urban indicators is due to the low efficiency of active methods for detecting neoplasms. The main way to identify malignant neoplasms of the leading localizations, with the exception of individual years of follow-up, is the independent appeal of rural patients to an oncologist, which causes a high level of neglect.