Magttice: a lattice model for hard-magnetic soft materials

Ye, Huilin; Liu, Ying; Zhang, Teng

doi:10.1039/d0sm01662d

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Subsequently, Garcia-Gonzalez [ 45 ] developed a continuum framework for modeling the effect of viscoelasticity on the magneto-mechanical response of hard-magnetic soft materials under dynamic and static loading conditions. Further, Ye et al [ 46 ] developed a computationally efficient numerical model for hard-magnetic soft materials by decomposing the elastic deformation energy into lattice volumetric changes and stretching. Chen et al [ 47 ] reported a theoretical model for characterizing the complex transformations of planar hard-magnetic soft beams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviation of Residual Vibrations in Hard-Magnetic Soft Actuators Using a Command-Shaping Scheme

et al. 2022

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Hard-magnetic soft materials belong to a class of the highly deformable magneto-active elastomer family of smart materials and provide a promising technology for flexible electronics, soft robots, and functional metamaterials. When hard-magnetic soft actuators are driven by a multiple-step input signal (Heaviside magnetic field signal), the residual oscillations exhibited by the actuator about equilibrium positions may limit their performance and accuracy in practical applications. This work aims at developing a command-shaping scheme for alleviating residual vibrations in a magnetically driven planar hard-magnetic soft actuator. The control scheme is based on the balance of magnetic and elastic forces at a critical point in an oscillation cycle. The equation governing the dynamics of the actuator is devised using the Euler–Lagrange equation. The constitutive behaviour of the hard-magnetic soft material is modeled using the Gent model of hyperelasticity, which accounts for the strain-stiffening effects. The dynamic response of the actuator under a step input signal is obtained by numerically solving the devised dynamic governing equation using MATLAB ODE solver. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed command-shaping scheme, a thorough investigation showing the effect of various parameters such as material damping, the sequence of desired equilibrium positions, and polymer chain extensibility on the performance of the proposed scheme is performed. The designed control scheme is found to be effective in controlling the motion of the hard-magnetic soft actuator at any desired equilibrium position. The present study can find its potential application in the design and development of an open-loop controller for hard-magnetic soft actuators.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviation of Residual Vibrations in Hard-Magnetic Soft Actuators Using a Command-Shaping Scheme

et al. 2022

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“…Theoretical modeling of HMSMs has been the subject of a plethora of research articles in recent years (e.g., [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]). In particular, Zhao et al [24] developed a continuum formulation with an asymmetric Cauchy stress tensor, which is very similar to the classical continuum theory in the sense that it neither needs non-classical material parameters nor additional degrees of freedom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Micromechanical and lattice models for the deformation analysis of HMSMs have been also formulated by Zhang et al [28], Garcia-Gonzalez and Hossain [29,30], and Ye et at. [31]. From a different point of view, Dadgar-Rad and Hossain [32] focused on the well-known phenomenon that the interaction between remnant and external magnetic fluxes induces a body couple on the continuum body (e.g., [40]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A micropolar shell model for hard-magnetic soft materials

Dadgar‐Rad¹,

Hossain²

2022

Preprint

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Hard-magnetic soft materials (HMSMs) are particulate composites that consist of a soft matrix embedded with particles of high remnant magnetic induction. Since the application of an external magnetic flux induces a body couple in HMSMs, the Cauchy stress tensor in these materials is asymmetric, in general. Therefore, the micropolar continuum theory can be employed to capture the deformation of these materials. On the other hand, the geometries and structures made of HMSMs often possess small thickness compared to the overall dimensions of the body.Accordingly, in the present contribution, a 10-parameter micropolar shell formulation to model the finite elastic deformation of thin structures made of HMSMs and subject to magnetic stimuli is developed. The present shell formulation allows for using three-dimensional constitutive laws without any need for modification to apply the plane stress assumption in thin structures. Due to the highly nonlinear nature of the governing equations, a nonlinear finite element formulation for numerical simulations is also developed. To circumvent locking at large distortions, an enhanced assumed strain formulation is adopted. The performance of the developed formulation is examined in several numerical examples. It is shown that the proposed formulation is an effective tool for simulating the deformation of thin bodies made of HMSMs.

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“…In addition, this microstructural modelling has also been approached by molecular dynamics simulations [44]. Another interesting approach is due to Ye et al [51]. In this work, the authors developed a computational framework, called "Magttice", to model hMAPs with the combinations of FE scheme and lattice models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural modelling of hard-magnetic soft materials: Dipole–dipole interactions versus Zeeman effect

Garcia‐Gonzalez

Hossain

2021

Extreme Mechanics Letters

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Magttice: a lattice model for hard-magnetic soft materials

Abstract: Magnetic actuation has emerged as a powerful and versatile mechanism for diverse applications, ranging from soft robotics, biomedical devices to functional metamaterials.

Cited by 40 publications

References 65 publications

Alleviation of Residual Vibrations in Hard-Magnetic Soft Actuators Using a Command-Shaping Scheme

Alleviation of Residual Vibrations in Hard-Magnetic Soft Actuators Using a Command-Shaping Scheme

A micropolar shell model for hard-magnetic soft materials

Microstructural modelling of hard-magnetic soft materials: Dipole–dipole interactions versus Zeeman effect

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