Magnitude of overweight and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Mekelle public hospitals, Tigray, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess magnitude of overweight and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Mekelle public hospitals, Tigray, Ethiopia.ResultsA total of 365 participants were enrolled in this study. One hundred ninety-eight (54.2%) of the participants were males and 288 (78.9%) of the study participants were from an urban residence. In this study 161 (44.1%) and 12 (3.3%) of the study subjects were alcohol consumers and smokers respectively. Besides, 166 (45%) of the study participants had poor dietary intake and around 302 (82.7%) had low level of vigorous physical activity. The proportion of individuals who were overweight using body mass index as a measure was 149 (40.8%) and the proportion of individuals who had central obesity using waist circumference as a measure was 194 (53.2%). The magnitude of overweight among study participants from urban residence and alcohol consumers was 138 (92.6%) and 93 (62.4%) respectively. Residence area, alcohol consumption, physical activities, central obesity and dietary intake were the determinant factors for overweight among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Prevalence and associated factors of overweight/obesity among type2 diabetic outpatients in Southwest Ethiopia

“…In this study, the odds of overweight/obesity were higher among patients live in urban area compared to their counterparts. This result was supported by other similar studies done [ 18 , 19 , 21 ]. The possible reason might be due to participants who live in urban area live a sedentary way of life and do less exercise and use vehicles for transportation.…”

“…The sample size was calculated using a single population proportion formulae by considering the following assumptions: 40.8% prevalence (p) of overweight from previous studies in Ethiopia [ 21 ], 95% confidence interval and a margin of error 5%. It gives initial sample size of 371.…”

“…A pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire was adapted from WHO step wise approach for surveillance of chronic disease risk factors [ 26 ] and from related different scientific journals [ 15 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 27 ]. It contains socio-demographic factors, behavioral variables, anthropometric and clinical variables.…”

“…Previous studies done in different settings identified several risk factors for overweight and obesity among T2 DM patients, including physical in activities [ 15 ], comorbid hypertension [ 16 ], higher economic status [ 17 ], residence area [ 18 , 19 ], gender [ 20 ], older age [ 15 ] and alcohol consumption [ 21 ].…”

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Uganda—a descriptive retrospective study

“…For example, in the UK, approximately 86%–90% of patients with T2DM had BMI≥25; 21 22 in Australia, 53% were obese and 32.8% were overweight; 23 in Saudi Arabia, 87.5% had BMI≥25 with the prevalence being higher among females (87.7%) than males (83.1%). 24 Although data from sub-Saharan Africa are limited, varying rates have been observed in Ethiopia (40%), 25 Tanzania (85.0%), 14 Nigeria (27.4%–83%) 15 16 and Sudan (64.4%). 26 It is likely that with the current trends towards urbanisation and globalisation and adoption of associated behaviours (eating habits and reduced physical activity), the prevalence of overweight and obesity in sub-Saharan Africa, including among patients with T2DM, will increase sharply 27 —with a parallel increase in complications such as cardiovascular diseases.…”