Magnitude of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Western Perspective

Samji, Naga Swetha; Verma, Rajanshu; Satapathy, Sanjaya K.

doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2019.05.001

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…NAFLD prevalence is increasing as a consequence of obesity, although many patients are lean. Its prevalence in the general population is estimated at 24%, the highest rates are reported from South America and the Middle East, followed by Asia, the USA, and Europe [3], and incidence is expected to continue rising in parallel with obesity, diabetes, and other lifestyle-related diseases [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Score Unveils a High Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Giménez-Garzó

Fiorillo

Ballester

et al. 2021

JCM

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Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may show mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The neurological functions affected remain unclear. The aims were to: (1) Characterize the neuropsychological alterations in NAFLD patients; (2) assess the prevalence of impairment of neurological functions evaluated; (3) develop a new score for sensitive and rapid MCI detection in NAFLD; (4) assess differences in MCI features between patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); and (5) compare neuropsychological alterations in NAFLD patients with cirrhotic patients with MCI. Fifty-nine NAFLD patients and 53 controls performed psychometric tests assessing different neurological functions: PHES (Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score) battery, d2, Stroop, Oral SDMT (Symbol Digit Modalities Test), Digit Span, number-letter test, and bimanual and visual-motor coordination tests. NAFLD patients show impairment in attention, mental concentration, psychomotor speed, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory mental control, and working memory. We developed a new, rapid, and sensitive score based on the most affected parameters in NAFLD patients, unveiling that 32% of NAFLD show MCI. Prevalence was similar in NAFL (36%) or NASH (27%) patients, but lower in NAFLD than in cirrhosis (65%). MCI prevalence is significant in NAFLD patients. Psychometric testing is warranted in these patients to unveil MCI and take appropriate measures to reverse and prevent its progression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Score Unveils a High Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Giménez-Garzó

Fiorillo

Ballester

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…NAFLD is the most common liver disorder worldwide [4]. Importantly, as recently reported, NASH is the second most common indication for being listed for liver transplant in the United States [5]. Most patients with NAFLD are either asymptomatic or experience non-specific symptoms, including fatigue and right upper quadrant abdominal discomfort.…”

Section: Nafld Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dietary Patterns and Components in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): What Key Messages Can Health Care Providers Offer?

et al. 2019

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rising epidemic worldwide and will be the leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplant within the next decade. NAFLD is considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Behaviors, such as a sedentary lifestyle and consuming a Western diet, have led to substantial challenges in managing NAFLD patients. With no curative pharmaceutical therapies, lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes and exercise, that ultimately lead to weight loss remain the only effective therapy for NAFLD. Multiple diets, including low-carbohydrate, low-fat, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean (MD) diets, have been evaluated. NAFLD patients have shown better outcomes with a modified diet, such as the MD diet, where patients are encouraged to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and olive oil. It is increasingly clear that a personalized approach to managing NAFLD patients, based on their preferences and needs, should be implemented. In our review, we cover NAFLD management, with a specific focus on dietary patterns and their components. We emphasize the successful approaches highlighted in recent studies to provide recommendations that health care providers could apply in managing their NAFLD patients.

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“…The incidence and prevalence of NAFLD are increasing dramatically in either Western or Eastern countries, reaching epidemic proportions 8,9 . The main reason for this dramatic increasing trend in NAFLD and NASH is the global increasing prevalence of obesity described by the World Health Organization 10 .…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Nafld/nashmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence and prevalence of NAFLD are increasing dramatically in either Western or Eastern countries, reaching epidemic proportions. 8,9 The main reason for this dramatic increasing trend in NAFLD and NASH is the global increasing prevalence of obesity described by the World Health Organization. 10 In longitudinal studies, mostly performed in Asia, the incidence of NAFLD ranges from 19 to 44.5/1000 person-years and is higher in males compared to females.…”

Section: Epidemi Ology Of Nafld/na S Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical impact of sexual dimorphism in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

Burra

Bizzaro

Gonta

et al. 2021

Liver International

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NAFLD/NASH is a sex‐dimorphic disease, with a general higher prevalence in men. Women are at reduced risk of NAFLD compared to men in fertile age, whereas after menopause women have a comparable prevalence of NAFLD as men. Indeed, sexual category, sex hormones and gender habits interact with numerous NAFLD factors including cytokines, stress and environmental factors and alter the risk profiles and phenotypes of NAFLD. In the present review, we summarized the last findings about the influence of sex on epidemiology, pathogenesis, progression in cirrhosis, indication for liver transplantation and alternative therapies, including lifestyle modification and pharmacological strategies. We are confident that an appropriate consideration of sex, age, hormonal status and sociocultural gender differences will lead to a better understanding of sex differences in NAFLD risk, therapeutic targets and treatment responses and will aid in achieving sex‐specific personalized therapies.

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Magnitude of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Western Perspective

Cited by 24 publications

References 117 publications

A New Score Unveils a High Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

A New Score Unveils a High Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Dietary Patterns and Components in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): What Key Messages Can Health Care Providers Offer?

Clinical impact of sexual dimorphism in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

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