and it is them who make my life in Nanophotonics lab so meaningful and joyful. I would also thank all the lab technicians in Characterization lab, Photonics lab, Nanophotonics lab and Nanofabrication lab. Special thanks are due for Mr. Fauzi, Ms. Seet, Ms. Porche, Ms. Dabby, Mr. Chia who have provided much help and convenience in my work. I would like to express my gratitude to my parents, for raising me up, giving me their unconditional love and all the best things. I also thank my wife Ms. Peng liping for her love and support. She is the reason for my burning desire to finish my Ph.D.