Magnetocuring of temperature failsafe epoxy adhesives

Chaudhary, Richa; Chaudhary, Varun; Ramanujan, R.V.; Steele, Terry W. J.

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100824

Cited by 12 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Previous investigations on magnetocuring adhesives have reported adhesion strength of 2.9 MPa against ABS and a relatively low heating rate of 1.2 °C s −1 under an AMF of 140 Oe despite varying CNP loading and formulation. [1] The highest specific absorption rate (SAR) of 5 W.g −1 was achieved for Mn 0.7 Zn 0.3 Fe 2 O 4 /OA/BADGE particles at 140 Oe. Earlier investigations confirm that the magnetic properties (M s and T c ) increase with Mn content in Mn 1−x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Magnetocuring of epoxy adhesives has been introduced as a promising novel technology to cure one-part epoxy adhesives under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). [1] This technology overcomes several limitations of current thermoset resins and snap-cure adhesives, especially with temperature sensitive substrates. [2] Only UV/visible transparent materials can be photocured [3] and the high capital costs of electron beam curing limit the application to coatings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous magnetocuring work explored the adhesion strength for different substrates, adhesives, CNP loading, and heating properties of CNP. [1] One of the key advances in our magnetocuring methodology is preventing overheating, the main disadvantage of ferric oxide nanoparticles. Resin scorching is prevented by matching the T c of CNP to the resin activation temperature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] However, tuning T c may result in undesirable changes in M s . [1,8] Optimization of heating rates and tuneable T c need to be compatible with good mechanical strength and nanoparticle colloidal stability within the organic resins.Generally, the heating rates of CNP can be tuned through composition, surface coatings, particle size, and percent loading. [9] However, these factors may lead to undesirable shifts in material parameters of CNP magnetic anisotropy, magnetization, and Curie temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Optimizing the Magnetocuring of Epoxy Resins via Electromagnetic Additives

Chaudhary

Suda

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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offers a non-contact method of curing, with minimal substrate heating. Early attempts at AMF methods employed ferric oxide nanoparticles that were prone to aggregation and scorching of the resins. [5] This limited the technology to water-based formulations. Magnetocuring advances AMF induction through incorporation of Curie temperature (T c ) controlled modifiers, also known as Curie magnetic nanoparticles (CNP). Our previous magnetocuring work explored the adhesion strength for different substrates, adhesives, CNP loading, and heating properties of CNP. [1] One of the key advances in our magnetocuring methodology is preventing overheating, the main disadvantage of ferric oxide nanoparticles. Resin scorching is prevented by matching the T c of CNP to the resin activation temperature. As T c is approached, CNP's lose their ferromagnetic properties. [6] The resin temperature cannot extend beyond T c , which can be tuned by adjusting the CNP's chemical composition. However, heating rates are limited to 1.2 °C s −1 and tuneable T c are needed to pair with thermosets possessing variable temperature activation-from 80-200 °C. High saturation magnetization (M s ) is an important parameter required to obtain high heating rate. [7] However, tuning T c may result in undesirable changes in M s . [1,8] Optimization of heating rates and tuneable T c need to be compatible with good mechanical strength and nanoparticle colloidal stability within the organic resins.Generally, the heating rates of CNP can be tuned through composition, surface coatings, particle size, and percent loading. [9] However, these factors may lead to undesirable shifts in material parameters of CNP magnetic anisotropy, magnetization, and Curie temperature. Hence, other methods of temperature control were explored, that is, increasing thermal conductivity of the resin by addition of carbon allotropes. Carbon allotropes such as carbon nanotubes (CTUBE) and carbon nanocoils (CCOIL) can increase modulus and impart electromagnetic shielding. [10] Reinforcement of epoxy nanocomposites by the addition of carbon allotropes increases mechanical strength, thermal/electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic wave absorption. [10c,11] CTUBEs are composed of hexagonal rings of carbon atoms; helical variants are referred to as CCOIL. CCOIL possess additional non-hexagonal cycle carbon, such as cyclopentadiene and Magnetocuring of adhesives refers to the curing of an epoxy + Curie temperature controlled magnetic nanoparticles (CNP) composite using a suitable alternating magnetic field. The controlled heating of the CNP results in remote, wireless curing without resin overheating. However, typical CNP possess only a fraction of the heat output of ferric oxide nanoparticles, quantified as the specific absorption rate (SAR). Previous investigations of epoxy + CNP adhesives revealed a SAR of 5 W.g −1 , which is 10-100× less than that of ferric oxides. Here, it is demonstrated that SAR can be improved to up to 60 W.g −1 by tuning CNP composition and by the addition of c...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing the Magnetocuring of Epoxy Resins via Electromagnetic Additives

Chaudhary

Suda

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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Durability of Structural Adhesive Joints

Panda,

Sapkal,

Panigrahi

2023

Progress in Adhesion and Adhesives

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Synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of superadhesive melamine formaldehyde polyvinylpyrrolidone resins doped with metallic and graphene oxide nanoparticles for better industrial applications

Pan

Upadhyay

Singh

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Structure of melamine‐formaldehyde‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (MFP) polymer resin prepared with melamine, formaldehyde, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) at pH=7 was determined using FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Physicochemical properties and thermal stability were analyzed with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively. 1H NMR spectra showed doublet at 3.13 and 3.17 ppm due to neighboring electron‐deficient nitrogen and electron density of bridged carbon atoms. The 13C NMR have infrared vinyl chain, melamine, and pyrrolidone peak for C=O, 48.72 ppm depicts C atom of −CH2 between O and C atoms. Peak at 17.50 ppm inferred terminal −CH3 of vinyl chain. FTIR stretching frequencies at 3426.38 and 2915.5 cm−1 vibrations depicted −N= (tertiary amine), and −CH2 group of −()CH2−CH2n vinyl chain of PVP, respectively. New band at 2350 cm−1 inferred –CH2 of formaldehyde attached with O atoms of PVP. MFP was doped with Fe3O4 (magnetic nanoparticles = MNPs), CaS (calcium sulfide), CaO, and graphene nanoparticles for reinforcement. Encapsulated Fe3O4–MFPR, CaS–MFPR, graphene oxide–MFPR are compared with MFPR alone. TGA inferred higher stability of Fe3O4–MFPR, CaS–MFPR.

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Magnetocuring of temperature failsafe epoxy adhesives

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Optimizing the Magnetocuring of Epoxy Resins via Electromagnetic Additives

Optimizing the Magnetocuring of Epoxy Resins via Electromagnetic Additives

Durability of Structural Adhesive Joints

Synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of superadhesive melamine formaldehyde polyvinylpyrrolidone resins doped with metallic and graphene oxide nanoparticles for better industrial applications

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