Abstract:The paper reviews a novel class of phenomena observed recently in the two-dimensional (2D) electron system formed on the free surface of liquid helium in the presence of a magnetic field directed normally and exposed to microwave radiation. The distinctive feature of these nonequilibrium phenomena is magnetoconductivity oscillations induced by inter-subband (out-of-plane) and intra-subband (in-plane) microwave excitations. The conductivity magneto-oscillations induced by intra-subband excitation are similar to… Show more
“…3(a) is almost independent of V and n e . It may arise from the interaction of surface electrons with gravity waves, also known as ripplons [23,27]: for radially symmetric modes, the lowest resonant frequency is f ≈ 0.609 √ gd/R, where g is the acceleration due to gravity, and d and R are respectively the height and radius of the circular liquid pool [33]. This yields 5.28 Hz, comparable with the observations.…”
supporting
confidence: 74%
“…In conclusion, we have confirmed that the main kHz signals are generated by inter-edge magnetoplasmons [34] modulated by interaction with surface ripplons at about 5 Hz [23,27]. Note that, in attributing the ∼ 5 Hz modulation to the effect of ripplons, we are effectively taking account of vertical motion, i.e.…”
supporting
confidence: 67%
“…2(c) that the basic frequency is varying. Similar behaviour was observed earlier using a single electrode [23,26,27]. The instantaneous frequency of each mode can be determined by ridge extraction [28], which traces in time the loci of the highest amplitude/power.…”
supporting
confidence: 67%
“…3(d) shows how the mean oscillation frequency for C changes with V for different n e . We note that the mean frequency starts to increase at V ∼ 4.19 V when the electron density is low with only a minimal difference between the maxima and minima of the oscillations (red shadow), perhaps due to an accumulation of electrons under the edge electrodes [27] (SM).…”
mentioning
confidence: 95%
“…For a circular pool of surface electrons, currents induced at the center of a Corbino electrode geometry above the liquid exhibited nonlinear oscillations in the audiofrequency range. These were attributed to edge magnetoplasmons [15,[23][24][25], but there was also evidence [26,27] of an even lower-frequency modulation.…”
We have measured signals induced in 5 Corbino electrodes by spontaneous oscillations of 2D surface electrons on liquid helium at ∼0.3 K, with a perpendicular magnetic field and microwave radiation. Analysis using multi-scale, time-resolved, methods yields results consistent with magnetoplasmons modulated by slow surface gravity waves, with the latter requiring consideration of the 3rd dimension. Calculation of phase differences and phase coherences between signals from differently-positioned pairs of electrodes enables reconstruction of the electron dynamics on the helium surface.
“…3(a) is almost independent of V and n e . It may arise from the interaction of surface electrons with gravity waves, also known as ripplons [23,27]: for radially symmetric modes, the lowest resonant frequency is f ≈ 0.609 √ gd/R, where g is the acceleration due to gravity, and d and R are respectively the height and radius of the circular liquid pool [33]. This yields 5.28 Hz, comparable with the observations.…”
supporting
confidence: 74%
“…In conclusion, we have confirmed that the main kHz signals are generated by inter-edge magnetoplasmons [34] modulated by interaction with surface ripplons at about 5 Hz [23,27]. Note that, in attributing the ∼ 5 Hz modulation to the effect of ripplons, we are effectively taking account of vertical motion, i.e.…”
supporting
confidence: 67%
“…2(c) that the basic frequency is varying. Similar behaviour was observed earlier using a single electrode [23,26,27]. The instantaneous frequency of each mode can be determined by ridge extraction [28], which traces in time the loci of the highest amplitude/power.…”
supporting
confidence: 67%
“…3(d) shows how the mean oscillation frequency for C changes with V for different n e . We note that the mean frequency starts to increase at V ∼ 4.19 V when the electron density is low with only a minimal difference between the maxima and minima of the oscillations (red shadow), perhaps due to an accumulation of electrons under the edge electrodes [27] (SM).…”
mentioning
confidence: 95%
“…For a circular pool of surface electrons, currents induced at the center of a Corbino electrode geometry above the liquid exhibited nonlinear oscillations in the audiofrequency range. These were attributed to edge magnetoplasmons [15,[23][24][25], but there was also evidence [26,27] of an even lower-frequency modulation.…”
We have measured signals induced in 5 Corbino electrodes by spontaneous oscillations of 2D surface electrons on liquid helium at ∼0.3 K, with a perpendicular magnetic field and microwave radiation. Analysis using multi-scale, time-resolved, methods yields results consistent with magnetoplasmons modulated by slow surface gravity waves, with the latter requiring consideration of the 3rd dimension. Calculation of phase differences and phase coherences between signals from differently-positioned pairs of electrodes enables reconstruction of the electron dynamics on the helium surface.
When high-frequency
radiation is incident upon graphene subjected
to a perpendicular magnetic field, graphene absorbs incident photons
by allowing transitions between nearest Landau levels that follow
strict selection rules dictated by angular momentum conservation.
Here, we show a qualitative deviation from this behavior in high-quality
graphene devices exposed to terahertz (THz) radiation. We demonstrate
the emergence of a pronounced THz-driven photoresponse, which exhibits
low-field magnetooscillations governed by the ratio of the frequency
of the incoming radiation and the quasiclassical cyclotron frequency.
We analyze the modifications of generated photovoltage with the radiation
frequency and carrier density and demonstrate that the observed photoresponse
shares a common origin with microwave-induced resistance oscillations
discovered in GaAs-based heterostructures; however, in graphene it
appears at much higher frequencies and persists above liquid nitrogen
temperatures. Our observations expand the family of radiation-driven
phenomena in graphene, paving the way for future studies of nonequilibrium
electron transport.
Magnetoconductivity oscillations and absolute negative conductivity induced by nonequilibrium populations of excited subbands in a degenerate multisubband two-dimensional electron system are studied theoretically. The displacement from equilibrium, which can be caused by resonant microwave excitation or by any other reason, is assumed to be such that electron distributions can no longer be described by a single Fermi level. In this case, in addition to the well-known conductivity peaks occurring at the Shubnikov-de Haas conditions and small peaks of normal intersubband scattering, sign-changing oscillations with a different shape are shown to be possible. We found also that even a small fraction of electrons transferred to the excited subband can lead to negative conductivity effects.
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