Magnetism of automotive wheels with pneumatic radial tires

Brol, S.; Szegda, A.

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2018.05.034

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The signals from all pressure and flow sensors were recorded using a computer data logging system developed in the DasyLab environment [37]. The characteristics of the measuring equipment are presented in Appendix A.…”

Section: Test Standmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pressure Drops in Two-Phase Gas–Liquid Flow through Channels Filled with Open-Cell Metal Foams

Dyga

Brol

2021

Energies

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This paper describes experimental investigations of single-phase and two-phase gas–liquid flow through channels with a diameter of 20 mm and length of 2690 mm, filled with metal foams. Three types of aluminium foams with pore densities of 20, 30 and 40 PPI and porosities ranging from 29.9% to 94.3% were used. Air, water and oil were pumped through the foams. The tests covered laminar, transitional and turbulent flow. We demonstrated that the Reynolds number, in which the hydraulic dimension should be defined based on foam porosity and pore diameter de = ϕdp/(1 − ϕ), can be used as a flow regime assessment criterion. It has been found that fluid pressure drops when flowing through metal foams significantly depends on the cell size and porosity of the foam, as well as the shape of the foam skeleton. The flow patterns had a significant influence on the pressure drop. Among other things, we observed a smaller pressure drop when plug flow changed to stratified flow. We developed a model to describe pressure drop in flow through metal foams. As per the proposed methodology, pressure drop in single-phase flow should be determined based on the friction factor, taking into account the geometrical parameters of the foams. We propose to calculate pressure drop in gas–liquid flow as the sum of pressure drops in gas and liquid pressure drop corrected by the drop amplification factor.

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Section: Test Standmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…0.14 37 Re Separate formulas describing the friction factor were adopted for the different flow regimes:…”

Section: Authors Main Correlations Other Correlations δ(∆P)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Drops in Two-Phase Gas–Liquid Flow through Channels Filled with Open-Cell Metal Foams

Dyga

Brol

2021

Energies

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“…It can be assumed that Earth’s induction is uniform and its intensity varies from 25 µT to 60 µT [ 6 , 7 ]. The rotation frequency of the wheel can vary from 0 Hz to even 50 Hz in case of sport cars [ 8 , 9 ]. The combined influence of the earlier mentioned factors and additional taking into account of the steel belt’s deflection at every wheel rotation is enough to create circumstances for the Vilary effect, which can change both the steel belt’s magnetic field intensity [ 10 ] and its distribution [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rotation frequency of the wheel can vary from 0 Hz to even 50 Hz in case of sport cars [ 8 , 9 ]. The combined influence of the earlier mentioned factors and additional taking into account of the steel belt’s deflection at every wheel rotation is enough to create circumstances for the Vilary effect, which can change both the steel belt’s magnetic field intensity [ 10 ] and its distribution [ 9 ]. The changes can be significant [ 7 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], therefore a repeatable circumstances for measurements must be created.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A different approach was presented by Brol et al in [ 9 ], where the measurement was made in angle of rotation domain on measurement device with controlled kinematic parameters (angular speed), but still loaded with some repeatability error because of influence of human factor during sensor position setting in the direction of tire’s tread width.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Magnetic Sensor for Magnetic Profile (1D) and Surface (2D) Measurement of Automotive Wheels

Brol

2021

Sensors

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This paper shows a report of over three years of intensive work on application of a 3-axis anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor with I2C interface for measurement of magnetic flux density distribution of automotive wheels. The work was undertaken to answer the question of whether is a possibility to effectively apply low-cost magnetic sensors with serial interface to measure the magnetic field surrounding the automotive wheel or tire. Two measurement techniques were discussed: Magnetic profile (1D) and magnetic surface measurement (2D) over tread, and also gear associated with the sensor, as well as its design, layout, operation, and control technique during (1D) and (2D) measurements. Three experiments were performed to asses accuracy and repeatability concerning component and resultant magnetic circumferential profiles and also magnetic surface. Differences between measurement outcomes in experiment were assessed. The results show that accuracy and repeatability lays below maximum admissible uncertainty declared by the producer. This proves directly that there is no measurable influence of motors, gear, operation, or measurement procedure on results obtained by magnetic sensors, and indirectly, that the assumed requirements regarding gear design and parameters are correct, and measurement of magnetic flux density distribution of automotive wheels and tires using (1D) and (2D) techniques is possible using a 3-axis anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor with I2C interface.

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