Application of Magnetic Sensor for Magnetic Profile (1D) and Surface (2D) Measurement of Automotive Wheels

Abstract

This paper shows a report of over three years of intensive work on application of a 3-axis anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor with I2C interface for measurement of magnetic flux density distribution of automotive wheels. The work was undertaken to answer the question of whether is a possibility to effectively apply low-cost magnetic sensors with serial interface to measure the magnetic field surrounding the automotive wheel or tire. Two measurement techniques were discussed: Magnetic profile (1D) and magnetic surface measurement (2D) over tread, and also gear associated with the sensor, as well as its design, layout, operation, and control technique during (1D) and (2D) measurements. Three experiments were performed to asses accuracy and repeatability concerning component and resultant magnetic circumferential profiles and also magnetic surface. Differences between measurement outcomes in experiment were assessed. The results show that accuracy and repeatability lays below maximum admissible uncertainty declared by the producer. This proves directly that there is no measurable influence of motors, gear, operation, or measurement procedure on results obtained by magnetic sensors, and indirectly, that the assumed requirements regarding gear design and parameters are correct, and measurement of magnetic flux density distribution of automotive wheels and tires using (1D) and (2D) techniques is possible using a 3-axis anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor with I2C interface.

Interfacial Modulation on Co0.2Fe2.8O4 Epitaxial Thin Films for Anomalous Hall Sensor Applications

“…4 Among various types of sensing principle, magnetic sensors based on the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) have received extensive research due to their simple structure, low fabrication cost, and high sensitivity. 1,2 The basic principle of the anomalous Hall sensor is the relationship between the Hall resistance and the magnetization, whose formula is as follows…”

“…Magnetic sensors with tiny size and multifunctional properties have attracted increasing attention in the field of smart grid, automotive industry, Internet of Things, etc. Especially in the current monitoring systems, a contactless current sensor with not only a wide linear range but also high sensitivity is highly demanded for the next generation of smart grids .…”

“…Several types of magnetic sensors have come into markets for compact sensors, including Hall sensors, magnetoresistive sensors, fluxgates, etc . Among various types of sensing principle, magnetic sensors based on the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) have received extensive research due to their simple structure, low fabrication cost, and high sensitivity. , The basic principle of the anomalous Hall sensor is the relationship between the Hall resistance and the magnetization, whose formula is as follows where ρ A = 4π R s M is the anomalous Hall resistivity, R 0 and R s are the ordinary and anomalous Hall coefficients, respectively, M is the out-of-plane magnetization, and H is the out-of-plane magnetic field. The magnitude of the anomalous Hall sign is much larger than the original Hall sign.…”