Magnetically modified spent coffee grounds for dyes removal

Pyrolysis of spent coffee grounds using a screw-conveyor reactor

“…However, a large quantity of coffee waste is generated by food manufacturing facilities. Although some spent coffee is used in composting and as animal feed, most is burned as a waste [4]. Insoluble coffee waste retains 65% of the raw mass and may also be landfilled.…”

Low-temperature magnetic modification of sensitive biological materials

“…0.1 and 20 μm), the size of magnetically modified materials remained almost the same. The presence of Fe(III) ions in magnetized materials has been detected by Pearl's staining procedure [13]. It can be expected that the strong binding of magnetic iron oxide particles to the surface of non-magnetic materials has been achieved by a subtle balance of van der Waals, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the magnetic particles and the treated material surface [14].…”

Magnetically responsive enzyme powders

“…The presence of Fe(III) ions (in iron oxides particles) was detected by Perls staining procedure [7].…”