Magnetic tomography for lead acid batteries

Harrison, Harry T.; Cooke, Glynn; Hewitt, David A.; Stone, D.A.; Green, James E.

doi:10.1016/j.est.2017.03.014

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In this imaging technique, magnetic sensors surround the sample, induce eddy currents inside the sample, and detect the magnetic field changes, leading to a conductivity/permittivity/permeability reconstruction imaging of the sample’s internal structure. It has been used in the nondestructive current distribution imaging (Harrison et al in 2017) and acid corrosion defect detection (Tang et al in 2021) of lead acid battery electrodes. This technique was also utilized in the past for the performance diagnosis of fuel cell (Hauer et al in 2005) but still needs numerous improvements to be promoted for general electrocatalysis applications.…”

Section: Why We Need X-ray Ct In Electrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Viewpoint on X-ray Tomography Imaging in Electrocatalysis

et al. 2023

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With the emerging demands for clean energy and an economy with net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, electrocatalysis areas have attracted tremendous interest in recent years. The electrochemical devices that use electrocatalysis, such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, and flow batteries, consist of hierarchical structures, requiring comprehension and rational designs across scales from millimeter and micrometer all the way down to atomic scale. In past decades, electron microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been extensively utilized for imaging different scales of these devices in both two and three dimensions. However, electron-based techniques for high-resolution imaging require uninterrupted maintenance of a high-vacuum environment, leading to difficulties of sample preparation and lack of integrated observation without intrusion/ disassembly. To overcome these disadvantages, more and more efforts have been dedicated to the development of X-ray imaging techniques recently, specifically absorption-based two-dimensional (2D) transmission X-ray microscopy and three-dimensional (3D) X-ray tomography, due to much better transmission behaviors of X-rays than electrons. X-ray tomography imaging mostly focuses on answering questions related to morphology and morphological changes at the microscale or near 1 μm resolution and nanoscale of 30 nm resolution. The method is nondestructive and it allows for the visualization of operando electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, and redox flow batteries. Operando X-ray microscopic tomography typically focuses on catalyst layers and morphology changes during degradation, as well as mass transport. Nanoscale tomography still predominantly is used for ex situ studies, as multiple challenges exist for operando studies implementation, including X-ray beam damage, sample holder design, and beamline availability. Both microscale and nanoscale tomography beamlines now couple various spectroscopic techniques, enabling electrocatalysis studies for both morphology and chemical transformations. This viewpoint highlights the recent advances in X-ray tomography for electrocatalysis, compares it to other tomographic techniques, and outlines key complementary techniques that can provide additional information during imaging. Lastly, it provides a perspective of what to anticipate in coming years regarding the method use for electrocatalysis studies.

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Section: Why We Need X-ray Ct In Electrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Viewpoint on X-ray Tomography Imaging in Electrocatalysis

et al. 2023

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“…In two papers, Battaglia and Newman [13,14] studied the theory of the magnetic field effects in high-power batteries, giving the first approximation to the instantaneous current distribution in bipolar lead-acid batteries. Another novel application of magnetic field in studying lead-acid batteries is proposed by Harrison et al [15,16]. These researchers used the methods of magnetic tomography to non-invasively measure the current distribution of experimental lead cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Multivector Field on Paste Preparation and Formation of Negative Electrodes of Lead Batteries

Shirov

Naidenov

Markov³

2021

Batteries

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During the operation of the negative electrode, some critical processes take place, which are limiting factors for the operation of lead–acid batteries. To improve the efficiency of the negative active material and minimize these processes, external application of multivector field is proposed. Two applications of the multivector field are studied: during negative paste preparation and during formation. It is established that, when applying multivector field during negative paste preparation, the chemical processes proceed more efficiently. The results are better phase composition and crystallinity of the cured paste, thus increasing the capacity of the consequently built lead batteries by 12% on average. The application of a multivector field during the formation of negative active materials in lead batteries has a positive effect on the skeletal structure, the size and shape of the Pb crystals. This ensures longer service life, which is confirmed by the 17.5% Depth of Discharge continuous tests on 12 V/75 Ah batteries. The batteries formed under the influence of external multivector field showed 20% longer cycle life. Based on the experimental result, a most probable mechanism of the influence of the multivector field on the chemical and electrochemical processes in lead batteries during negative paste preparation and formation of negative active masses is proposed.

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“…The nature of the leadacid battery, full of large lead electrodes, corrosive sulphuric acid and variable electric currents that occur during operation, makes it difficult to perform an inner operando monitoring. While most studies have focused on ex situ or post mortem characterisation, a number of in situ studies have been undertaken [11][12][13][14]. Usually the main objective is the measurement of the density/concentration of the electrolyte to analyse, for example, the state of charge (SOC) of the cell or the stratification process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, holographic laser interferometry (HLI) has been used for continuously monitoring of lead-acid batteries during charge/discharge cycling [24][25][26]. Another interesting and recent technique is the use of magnetic field measurements to examine current distributions within the cell [11]. Finally, synchrotron X-ray radiography and tomography has been used to follow 3D changes in morphology with µm resolution [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%