The possibility of utilization of the lead-air electrochemical system as a power source is shown. The system consists of a standard lead electrode and H2SO4 electrolyte, used in the lead acid battery and a gas diffusion electrode developed in the Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems. Three catalysts have been checked for applicability with the new system-active carbon Norit NK, cobalt tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin and cobalt phthalocyanine. Cyclic voltammetry has been applied to all three catalysts and the results have been presented as galvanostatic charge-discharge curves. Polarization and Tafel dependences have been studied in a three-electrode cell. An original method for formation of the lead electrode has been elaborated. It has been established that the gas diffusion electrode is sufficiently stable in the sulphuric acid electrolyte. The energy values obtained at laboratory conditions provide a good perspective for a practical application of the lead-air system for energy storage and in the automobile industry.
During the operation of the negative electrode, some critical processes take place, which are limiting factors for the operation of lead–acid batteries. To improve the efficiency of the negative active material and minimize these processes, external application of multivector field is proposed. Two applications of the multivector field are studied: during negative paste preparation and during formation. It is established that, when applying multivector field during negative paste preparation, the chemical processes proceed more efficiently. The results are better phase composition and crystallinity of the cured paste, thus increasing the capacity of the consequently built lead batteries by 12% on average. The application of a multivector field during the formation of negative active materials in lead batteries has a positive effect on the skeletal structure, the size and shape of the Pb crystals. This ensures longer service life, which is confirmed by the 17.5% Depth of Discharge continuous tests on 12 V/75 Ah batteries. The batteries formed under the influence of external multivector field showed 20% longer cycle life. Based on the experimental result, a most probable mechanism of the influence of the multivector field on the chemical and electrochemical processes in lead batteries during negative paste preparation and formation of negative active masses is proposed.
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