Magnetic susceptibility increases as diamagnetic molecules breakdown: Myelin digestion during multiple sclerosis lesion formation contributes to increase on QSM

Deh, Kofi; Ponath, Gerald; Molvi, Zaki; Parel, Gian-Carlo T.; Gillen, Kelly M.; Zhang, Shun; Nguyen, Thanh D.; Spincemaille, Pascal; Ma, Yanlin; Gupta, Ajay; Gauthier, Susan A.; Pitt, David; Wang, Yi

doi:10.1002/jmri.25997

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Notwithstanding that this is an assumption through generalization of observations from scattered studies, there is a consensus that all newly formed multiple sclerosis lesions are presumably having an ‘acute’ phase at inception (Absinta et al , 2016 a , b ; Guttmann et al , 2016). Some of those newly formed multiple sclerosis lesions are also characterized by an early phase rim, due to accumulation of paramagnetic substances possibly corresponding to myelin-breakdown compounds (Deh et al , 2018) and/or attendant infiltration by blood-derived monocytes/macrophages (Absinta et al , 2016 a , b ) and their related by-products. In approximately half of those new acute lesions with centripetal contrast enhancement, the early phase rim will vanish while T 1 hypointensity may partially resolve, whereas in the other half, the early phase rim may persist and T 1 signal intensity may continue to decrease (Absinta et al , 2016 a , b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic white matter lesion activity predicts clinical progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Elliott

Belachew

Wolinsky

et al. 2019

Brain

146

180

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Chronic active and slowly expanding/evolving lesions with smouldering inflammation are neuropathological correlates of progressive multiple sclerosis. Elliott et al. report that T1-weighted measures of chronic lesion activity predict clinically progressive multiple sclerosis, may represent a longitudinal neuroimaging correlate of smouldering demyelination and axonal loss, and are reduced by ocrelizumab.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic white matter lesion activity predicts clinical progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Elliott

Belachew

Wolinsky

et al. 2019

Brain

146

180

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“…C, Brain magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) images resolved for different experiment vibrational frequencies. D, The T 1 w, T 2 w, and corresponding ratio in a patient with MS. Part (A) is adapted from Schmierer et al 150 Part (B) is adapted from Deh et al 169 (© 2018 ISMRM). Part (C) is adapted from Streitberger et al 182 Part (D) is adapted with permission from Beer et al 190 …”

Section: Other Mr Contrastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing myelin content of the human brain with MRI: A review

Piredda

Hilbert

Thiran

et al. 2020

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Rapid and efficient transmission of electric signals among neurons of vertebrates is ensured by myelin‐insulating sheaths surrounding axons. Human cognition, sensation, and motor functions rely on the integrity of these layers, and demyelinating diseases often entail serious cognitive and physical impairments. Magnetic resonance imaging radically transformed the way these disorders are monitored, offering an irreplaceable tool to noninvasively examine the brain structure. Several advanced techniques based on MRI have been developed to provide myelin‐specific contrasts and a quantitative estimation of myelin density in vivo. Here, the vast offer of acquisition strategies developed to date for this task is reviewed. Advantages and pitfalls of the different approaches are compared and discussed.

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“…Although the time interval between the MRI scans might have affected the findings of this study, our results suggest that histopathologic changes occur during the evolution of the lesions in MS. The initial increase in susceptibility in active lesions occurring within weeks in previous studies might be related to the digestion of myelin, 36 while the subsequent increase that occurs over months is more likely to be related to the removal of myelin debris within macrophages 37 and the release of iron. 23 38 The presence of paramagnetic rims might also indicate chronic active inflammation, which requires close observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Paramagnetic Rims in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Study with 3-T MRI

et al. 2020

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Background and Purpose Iron retained by activated microglia and macrophages in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions may serve as a marker of innate immune system activation. Among several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, there has been recent interest in using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) as a potential tool for assessing iron levels in the human brain. This study examined QSM findings in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) lesions obtained with 3-T MRI to assess imaging characteristics related to paramagnetic rims around brain lesions in MS and NMOSD. Methods This study included 32 MS and 21 seropositive NMOSD patients. MRI images were obtained using two 3-T MRI devices (Ingenia, Philips Healthcare; and Magnetom Verio, Siemens Healthineers) during routine diagnosis and treatment procedures. Multi and single echo gradient echo magnitude and phase images were obtained for QSM reconstruction. QSM images were used to characterize the detected lesions, and the findings were compared between MS and NMOSD. Results Totals of 71 and 35 MRI scans were performed during the study period in MS and NMOSD patients, respectively. In QSM images, paramagnetic rims were found in 26 (81.2%) MS patients and 1 (4.8%) NMOSD patient. Eight of the 22 MS patients and only 1 of the 10 NMOSD patients who underwent follow-up MRI showed new paramagnetic rims. The paramagnetic rim lesions appeared after enhancement or in new T2-weighted lesions without enhancement. Conclusions Paramagnetic rims might be a characteristic MRI finding for MS, and therefore they have potential as an imaging marker for differentially diagnosing MS from NMOSD using 3-T MRI.

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Magnetic susceptibility increases as diamagnetic molecules breakdown: Myelin digestion during multiple sclerosis lesion formation contributes to increase on QSM

Abstract: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1281-1287.

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Chronic white matter lesion activity predicts clinical progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Chronic white matter lesion activity predicts clinical progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Probing myelin content of the human brain with MRI: A review

Paramagnetic Rims in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Study with 3-T MRI

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