Probing myelin content of the human brain with MRI: A review

Piredda, Gian Franco; Hilbert, Tom; Thiran, Jean‐Philippe; Kober, Tobias

doi:10.1002/mrm.28509

Cited by 58 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 222 publications

(500 reference statements)

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“…To date, a number of quantitative or semi-quantitative MRI methods have been proposed to characterize brain myelination. Detailed overviews of these techniques can be found in recent reviews ( Heath et al, 2018 ; Piredda et al, 2020 ; Mancini et al, 2020 ). However, only a few approaches based on the MT saturation index ( Helms et al, 2008 ), T1/T2 signal ratio ( Glasser and Van Essen, 2011 ), and 3D myelin water fraction ( Deoni et al, 2008 ) mapping appeared capable of producing whole-brain coverage, reasonable spatial resolution, and sufficient sensitivity to myelin to identify subtle regional distinction in myelination of cortical GM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelin development in cerebral gray and white matter during adolescence and late childhood

et al. 2021

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Myelin development during adolescence is becoming an area of growing interest in view of its potential relationship to cognition, behavior, and learning. While recent investigations suggest that both white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) undergo protracted myelination during adolescence, quantitative relations between myelin development in WM and GM have not been previously studied. We quantitatively characterized the dependence of cortical GM, WM, and subcortical myelin density across the brain on age, gender, and puberty status during adolescence with the use of a novel macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) mapping method. Whole-brain MPF maps from a cross-sectional sample of 146 adolescents (age range 9–17 years) were collected. Myelin density was calculated from MPF values in GM and WM of all brain lobes, as well as in subcortical structures. In general, myelination of cortical GM was widespread and more significantly correlated with age than that of WM. Myelination of GM in the parietal lobe was found to have a significantly stronger age dependence than that of GM in the frontal, occipital, temporal and insular lobes. Myelination of WM in the temporal lobe had the strongest association with age as compared to WM in other lobes. Myelin density was found to be higher in males as compared to females when averaged across all cortical lobes, as well as in a bilateral subcortical region. Puberty stage was significantly correlated with myelin density in several cortical areas and in the subcortical GM. These findings point to significant differences in the trajectories of myelination of GM and WM across brain regions and suggest that cortical GM myelination plays a dominant role during adolescent development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelin development in cerebral gray and white matter during adolescence and late childhood

et al. 2021

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“…The use of qMRI metrics to weight the connectome could have important implications for many applications. qMRI offers several techniques that are sensitive to myelin (Laule et al, 2007 ; Petiet et al, 2019 ), such as magnetization transfer, myelin water imaging, or relaxometry (for extensive reviews see Heath et al, 2018 , and Piredda et al, 2020 ). Additionally, these techniques could be used to estimate the conduction velocity and conduction delays, and to incorporate these metrics as weights in the connectome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The R1-weighted connectome: complementing brain networks with a myelin-sensitive measure

Boshkovski

Kocarev

Cohen‐Adad

et al. 2021

Network Neuroscience

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Myelin plays a crucial role in how well information travels between brain regions. Complementing the structural connectome, obtained with diffusion MRI tractography, with a myelin-sensitive measure could result in a more complete model of structural brain connectivity and give better insight into white-matter myeloarchitecture. In this work we weight the connectome by the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1), a measure sensitive to myelin, and then we assess its added value by comparing it with connectomes weighted by the number of streamlines (NOS). Our analysis reveals differences between the two connectomes both in the distribution of their weights and the modular organization. Additionally, the rank-based analysis shows that R1 can be used to separate transmodal regions (responsible for higher-order functions) from unimodal regions (responsible for low-order functions). Overall, the R1-weighted connectome provides a different perspective on structural connectivity taking into account white matter myeloarchitecture.

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“…In recent years a growing number of MR techniques have been successfully applied to study brain microstructure, and biophysical multi-compartment models have been developed to explicitly attempt to capture and quantify myelin-specific signals ( Alonso-Ortiz, Levesque, Pike, 2015 , Campbell, Leppert, Narayanan, Duval, Cohen-Adad, Pike, Stikov, 2017 , Heath, Hurley, Johansen-Berg, Sampaio-Baptista, 2018 , MacKay, Vavasour, Rauscher, 2009 , Mezer, Yeatman, Stikov, Kay, Cho, Dougherty, Perry, Parvizi, Hua, Butts-Pauly, Wandell, 2013 , Piredda, Hilbert, Thiran, Kober, 2020 ). Currently, it is not clear which of these MR markers is the most biologically accurate non-invasive measure for myelin, and how the measures differ in their sensitivity to specific aspects of myelination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can MRI measure myelin? Systematic review, qualitative assessment, and meta-analysis of studies validating microstructural imaging with myelin histology

2021

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Highlights Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies validating microstructural imaging with myelin histology. We find many MR markers are sensitive to myelin, including FA, RD, MP, MTR, Susceptibility, R1, but not MD. Formal comparisons between MRI-based myelin markers are limited by methodological variability, inconsistent reporting and potential for publication bias. Results emphasize the advantage of using multimodal imaging when testing hypotheses related to myelin in vivo in humans.

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Probing myelin content of the human brain with MRI: A review

Cited by 58 publications

References 222 publications

Myelin development in cerebral gray and white matter during adolescence and late childhood

Myelin development in cerebral gray and white matter during adolescence and late childhood

The R1-weighted connectome: complementing brain networks with a myelin-sensitive measure

Can MRI measure myelin? Systematic review, qualitative assessment, and meta-analysis of studies validating microstructural imaging with myelin histology

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