An eco-friendly sample
preparation method that is based
on the
use of a modified peanut shell as an efficient biosorbent for the
extraction of triazole residues before their analysis by high-performance
liquid chromatography was reported. The four triazole fungicides were
separated on a Purospher STAR RP-18 endcapped (4.6 × 150 mm,
5 μm) column with a mobile phase of 50% (v/v) acetonitrile at
a flow rate of 1.0 mL min
–1
and detection wavelength
set at 220 nm. Peanut shells modified by didodecyldimethylammonium
bromide were selected as an effective biosorbent material in the microextraction
method. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy,
and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize
the biosorbent. The effect of dominant parameters on the proposed
microextraction method including the amount of sorbent, kind and concentration
of surfactant, sodium hydroxide concentration, kind and amount of
salt, sample volume, adsorption time, kind and volume desorption solvent,
and desorption time was studied. Under the optimum condition, a good
analytical performance for the proposed microextraction method was
obtained with a wide linear range within the range of 9–1000
μg L
–1
, and low limits of detection (0.03
μg L
–1
for all analytes) were obtained. Enrichment
factors were achieved within the range of 30–51. The intra
and interday precision values were evaluated in terms of percentage
relative standard deviations (%RSD) and were less than 0.09 and 5.34%
for the retention time and peak area, respectively. The proposed microextraction
methods were used for extraction and analysis of triazole fungicides
in water and honey samples. The recoveries in a satisfactory range
of 70.0–118.8% were obtained.