Modified Peanut Shell as an Eco-Friendly Biosorbent for Effective Extraction of Triazole Fungicide Residues in Surface Water and Honey Samples before Their Determination by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

An eco-friendly sample preparation method that is based on the use of a modified peanut shell as an efficient biosorbent for the extraction of triazole residues before their analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography was reported. The four triazole fungicides were separated on a Purospher STAR RP-18 endcapped (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) column with a mobile phase of 50% (v/v) acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min –1 and detection wavelength set at 220 nm. Peanut shells modified by didodecyldimethylammonium bromide were selected as an effective biosorbent material in the microextraction method. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the biosorbent. The effect of dominant parameters on the proposed microextraction method including the amount of sorbent, kind and concentration of surfactant, sodium hydroxide concentration, kind and amount of salt, sample volume, adsorption time, kind and volume desorption solvent, and desorption time was studied. Under the optimum condition, a good analytical performance for the proposed microextraction method was obtained with a wide linear range within the range of 9–1000 μg L –1 , and low limits of detection (0.03 μg L –1 for all analytes) were obtained. Enrichment factors were achieved within the range of 30–51. The intra and interday precision values were evaluated in terms of percentage relative standard deviations (%RSD) and were less than 0.09 and 5.34% for the retention time and peak area, respectively. The proposed microextraction methods were used for extraction and analysis of triazole fungicides in water and honey samples. The recoveries in a satisfactory range of 70.0–118.8% were obtained.

The potential of lignocellulosic biomass for magnetic solid phase extraction of naproxen from saliva samples

“…The feature peaks at 1602 cm −1 of the three samples are similar, showing that the content of lignin is the same. 43,44 Fig. 4b exhibits the FTIR spectra of the magnetic biochars, which revealed a peak at 580 cm −1 that was identied as the Fe-O vibration.…”

Peanut Shell as a Natural Adsorbent for the Removal of Acid Blue 25 from Aqueous Solution

“…Many studies have been done to examine the capacity of peanut shell powder to remove various reactive colors such as Green 19, Orange 16, and Yellow 14from aqueous solutions (Nadi et al, 2012;Wu et al, 2019;Garget al, 2019). More than 90% of these dyes have been adsorbed from the wastewater by using peanut shell powder (Garget al, 2019;Herbert et al, 2021;Pączkowski et al, 2021;Khiaophong et al, 2022).…”

Comparison of Two Biosorbent Beads for Methylene Blue Discoloration in Water

“…Peanut shells and rice husks are two examples of agricultural wastes that can be used as a lowcost biosorbent for dyes in water. Peanut shells contain high cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin (Khiaophong et al, 2022;Sah et al, 2022). Some studies have reported the ability of activated carbon derived from peanut shells to remove aqueous pollutants, including dye.…”