Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Unroofed Coronary Sinus: Three Cases

Hahm, Jin Kyeung; Park, Yae Won; Lee, J.K.; Choi, Jae Young; Sul, Jun Hee; Lee, S.K.; Cho, B.K.; Choe, Kyu Ok

doi:10.1007/s002460010087

Cited by 41 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Transthoracic ultrasound has low sensitivity; however, transoesophageal echocardiography should be the ideal method. 3 4 For flow dynamics, ultrasound contrast material has to be used and needs experienced hands 5. Probe position in the high oesophageal level is discomforting to the patient, which limits in obtaining a plane at the SVC-atrium junction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent left superior vena cava in association with sinus venosus defect type of atrial septal defect and partial pulmonary venous return on 64-MDCT

2014

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SUMMARYThe most common venous abnormality of the thorax is persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), incidence being less than 0.5%. However, with congenital heart disease, it is about 6.1%. When the coronary sinus is dilated always search for PLSVC. The coronary sinus may communicate with the left atrium. This is known as an unroofed coronary sinus (UCS) and preoperatively documenting it is important. Of all the congenital cardiac anomalies, the sinus venosus defect (SVD) type of atrial septal defect (ASD) is most commonly associated with PLSVC and accounts for 4-11% of all ASDs. Multidetector CT can easily show all these abnormalities along with haemodynamics. On transoesophageal echocardiography it is difficult to characterise SVD and visualise a coronary sinus because of a limited window, contrast resolution and poor patient compliance. The complex of UCS and PLSVC is one such abnormality and its treatment requires careful assessment of other concomitant cardiac abnormalities to prevent post-treatment haemodynamic complications. BACKGROUND

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MRI is non-invasive and without injection of contrast medium, using spin echo and cine MRI, the walls of cardiovascular structure and deeper structures of the heart can be visualised with excellent contrast resolution 3. Flow information can be made out using phase-contrast velocity encoded cine technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent left superior vena cava in association with sinus venosus defect type of atrial septal defect and partial pulmonary venous return on 64-MDCT

2014

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“…As with the pulmonary veins, when the coronary sinus is draining into the posterior wall of the left atrium this is not well delineated by transthoracic echocardiogram [10]. In the parasternal long-axis view, it is easy to visualise the coronary sinus when it is dilated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unroofed coronary sinus newly diagnosed in adult patients after corrected congenital heart disease

et al. 2014

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Patients with congenital heart disease corrected in early childhood may later in life present with cardiac symptoms caused by other associated congenital anomalies that were initially not diagnosed. Nowadays, several noninvasive imaging modalities are available for the visualisation of cardiac anatomy in great detail. We describe two patients with an unroofed coronary sinus, a rare congenital anomaly which could be diagnosed using a combination of modalities including echocardiography, cardiac CT and cardiac MRI.

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“…It is classified as [1]: Type I, completely unroofed with persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC); type II, completely unroofed without LSVC; type III, partially unroofed mid portion; and type IV, partially unroofed terminal portion (as in this case). These patients can present with brain abscess or embolic events from right-to-left shunt [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

MR findings of a rare defect, coronary sinus ASD

Chaturvedi

Dubinsky

Maki

2010

Int J Cardiovasc Imaging

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The coronary sinus drains the cardiac veins into the right atrium. An unroofed coronary sinus is the least common type of atrial septal defect (<1%). An unroofed coronary sinus also communicates with the left atrium, in addition to its normal communication with the right atrium. This defect is difficult to diagnose. MR provides accurate anatomic details about the location and size of defect. Phase contrast velocity-encoded MR also helps towards quantifying the shunt volume. This case represents classical findings of this rare defect. Our patient first presented in the 8th decade with features of right heart failure.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Unroofed Coronary Sinus: Three Cases

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

Persistent left superior vena cava in association with sinus venosus defect type of atrial septal defect and partial pulmonary venous return on 64-MDCT

Persistent left superior vena cava in association with sinus venosus defect type of atrial septal defect and partial pulmonary venous return on 64-MDCT

Unroofed coronary sinus newly diagnosed in adult patients after corrected congenital heart disease

MR findings of a rare defect, coronary sinus ASD

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